Plasma lipoprotein metabolism and fattening in poultry

Griffin, H. D.; Hermier, Dominique

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-01036-8.50020-8

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…However, the inhibitory properties of apolion LPL activity found in vitro (Schneider et al, 1990) (Griffin and Hermier, 1988). In the present study, it appeared as 2 protein bands following SDS-PAGE (fig 1) or Western blotting (fig 3).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…It is generally agreed that expression of the apo-II gene in layer chickens depends on estrogen (Burley et al, 1984;Cochrane and Deeley, 1988;Griffin and Hermier, 1988;Nimpf et al, 1988;Douaire et al, 1990;Berkowitz et al, 1993 (Barkia, 1990) lay (fig 5). This is presumably due to increases in the estrogenic activity of chickens upon transition to the reproductive cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triglyceride concentration, for example, increases from 0.5-1.5 pmol/ml of plasma prior to lay to 20-50 pmol (ml) at the onset of lay (Griffin and Hermier, 1988). This higher concentration persists in the plasma as long as hens remain in lay, and contains 2 major laying-hen-type lipoproteins as yolk precursors: very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and vitellogenin .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma apolipoprotein VLDL-II and egg production in laying hens: establishment of an ELISA method

Pinchasov¹,

Elmaliah²,

Bezdin³

1994

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Summary ― The developmental pattern of apolipoprotein in the plasma with regard to lipid concentration was characterized during the transition of pullet females to the laying phase in commercial laying hens (Gallus domesticus). Apo-I I was isolated from the plasma of estrogen-administered roosters, and a rapid ELISA was developed for its quantification in chickens. The sensitivity of the assay was 5 ng/ml, and the inter-and intra-assay coefficients of variation were 4 and 8%, respectively. Whereas no detectable levels of apo-11 could be monitored in the blood plasma of immature chickens, the level increased slightly to 23 weeks of age and sharply at the onset of lay. This profile reflects the dramatic changes in lipid metabolism at the onset of lay, and concurs with the concentration of total lipids in the plasma and with egg production rate. Plasma apo-II of 2 laying strains differing in body weights but compared at approximately similar egg production rates, tended to be slightly higher in heavy vs light-weight type hens. Oogenesis was speculated to be the main factor affecting both apo-II and total lipid profiles in chicken plasma, enabling efficient delivery of VLDL to the egg. apolipoprotein VLDL-11 / chicken / hen / egg production rate / lipid

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma apolipoprotein VLDL-II and egg production in laying hens: establishment of an ELISA method

Pinchasov¹,

Elmaliah²,

Bezdin³

1994

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…The LPL is synthesized in adipocytes as well as in muscle and other cell types, but only the fraction of the enzyme that has been secreted and anchored to the surface of the capillary wall is functionally active. In mammals, LPL must be activated by an apolipoprotein (apo) of low molecular weight that is secreted with HDL and then transferred to VLDL prior to their hydrolysis (Griffin and Hermier, 1988).…”

Section: Lipid Transport and Lipoprotein Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Shini¹

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Field and experimental investigations were conducted to study the fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in caged laying hens. The main goal of the research was to gain a greater understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of this non-infectious disease. The disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver and abdominal cavity, subsequent liver rupture, haemorrhage and sudden death of hens. It has been shown that the balance between hepatic synthesis and secretion of lipids is the key point that regulates hepatic and extrahepatic fat deposition in hens. Liver fat accumulation can be increased by many factors, especially nutrition, housing conditions, and inflammatory challenges. A description of normal and abnormal lipid metabolism in the hen, and consequences for hen health and disease (including FLHS) is given in the literature review (Chapter 2).The initial study examined mortality of layer flocks kept in three different housing systems (cage, barn and free range) on the Gatton Campus, University of Queensland (Chapter 4). It was shown that there were no significant differences in mortality rates of hens (6.1%, 6.4% and 5.8%, for cages, barns and free range, respectively) between the housing systems but the causes of death were different. The most common cause of death in hens kept in cages was FLHS with 74% of dead hens dying from the condition. In contrast, FLHS only accounted for 0 to 5% of hen mortality in the other systems. Post-mortem of dead hens and body weight monitoring of flocks throughout the laying cycle were recommended as tools to predict FLHS.An epidemiological survey (Chapter 5) of caged flocks in South-Eastern Queensland was undertaken to explore the prevalence of FLHS in commercial layer flocks. From necropsies of dead birds from 7 flocks of different ages, it was found that approximately 40% of hens died due to FLHS. This result indicated that FLHS continues to be the major cause of mortality in commercial caged laying hens kept in either controlled environment sheds or naturally ventilated sheds. As part of the epidemiological study, a questionnaire was circulated among farms and the responses revealed that there is a general lack of knowledge of FLHS in the industry.The study of the pathogenesis of FLHS is very difficult as it occurs sporadically and over an extended period of time in the field. In the studies in Chapter 6, an oestradiol (E 2 ) hen model was used to study the condition. The administration of exogenous E 2 reproduced the disease in 30 wk old laying hens, and was associated with significant changes in E 2 plasma levels and metabolic iv profiles, increased liver weights, and macroscopic (fat depositions, haemorrhages and haematomas) and microscopic alterations. Hens exposed to E 2 and fed ad libitum diet experienced severe FLHS and had a higher incidence of FLHS than hens that had their feed intake restricted by 10%. One interesting observation from this study (not reported from other investigators) was the alteration of total leukocyte n...

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“…In birds, liver is the major site of de novo lipogenesis, and most of the lipids that accumulate in the white adipose tissue originate from triacylglycerols that are synthesized by plasma lipoproteins in the liver, or are provided from dietary fats (Griffin and Hermier, 1988). Hence, investigating the key regulators of hepatic lipid synthesis is important to explore the mechanisms involved in the effects of different rearing systems on the changes in carcass fat deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confined housing system increased abdominal and subcutaneous fat deposition and gene expressions of carbohydrate response element-binding protein and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 in chicken

Zhao

Gilbert

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Free-range production system is increasingly being used in poultry breeding and feed production in many countries. The objective of the current experiment was to evaluate the effects of different raising systems on fat-related traits and mRNA levels of liver lipogenesis genes in Erlang Mountainous chicken. Each of 10 birds (91 day old) from caged, indoor-floor housed, and free-range housing systems was slaughtered, and fat-related traits, live body weight (BW), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage (AFP), and intramuscular fat content were determined. The mRNA levels of liver X receptor α, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), and fatty acid synthase were detected. The caged chicken exhibited significantly higher BW, SFT, and AFW than those of free-ranged chicken (P < 0.05). All the 4 genes had a similar expression pattern, and they showed the highest level in caged chicken, while the lowest level was found in free-ranged chicken. Association analysis indicated that there were significant (P < 0.05) or highly significant (P < 0.01) positive correlations between the mRNA levels of ChREBP, SREBP1, and fat traits of SFT, AFW, and AFP. Thus, we deduced that increased fat deposition in caged chicken was probably induced by increased gene expression of ChREBP and SREBP1 in the liver.

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Plasma lipoprotein metabolism and fattening in poultry

Cited by 40 publications

References 86 publications

Plasma apolipoprotein VLDL-II and egg production in laying hens: establishment of an ELISA method

Plasma apolipoprotein VLDL-II and egg production in laying hens: establishment of an ELISA method

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Confined housing system increased abdominal and subcutaneous fat deposition and gene expressions of carbohydrate response element-binding protein and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 in chicken

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