Plasma Lipid Profile and Intestinal Microflora in Pregnancy Women With Hypothyroidism and Their Correlation With Pregnancy Outcomes

Cai, Yanjun; Xu, Yajuan; Ban, Yanjie; Li, Jingjing; Sun, Zongzong; Zhang, Miao; Wang, Biao; Hou, Xiaofeng; Hao, Yingqi; Ouyang, Qi; Wu, Bo; Wang, Mengqi; Wang, Wentao

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.792536

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…CRP is a sensitive marker of inflammation and tissue damage, and a high CRP level indicates an elevated proinflammatory response. In the present study, the serum CRP level was significantly increased in the hypothyroidism group, which is consistent with our previous findings ( Cai et al., 2021 ). Therefore, the inflammatory response may contribute to the development of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…A growing body of evidence suggests that intestinal microflora disorders can lead to various diseases caused by autoimmune and inflammatory responses through an imbalance in T cell subsets, such as Th1 and Th2 cells ( Brown et al., 2019 ; Kageyama et al., 2020 ). We previously demonstrated that the intestinal microflora is significantly altered in patients with hypothyroidism during the third trimester of pregnancy, and that changes in the microbiome may be involved in the development of hypothyroidism during pregnancy ( Wang et al., 2020 ; Cai et al., 2021 ). However, to date, there are few reports on intestinal microflora characteristics and peripheral Th1/Th2 balance in patients with hypothyroidism in the first half of pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between the intestinal microflora and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance in hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy

Ban

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between intestinal microflora characteristics and the peripheral blood T helper cell (Th)1/Th2 balance in patients with hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy.MethodsThe Th1/Th2 ratios in the peripheral blood of pregnant women in the hypothyroidism and control groups were determined using flow cytometry. The cytometric bead array assay was used to determine the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ. Moreover, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to determine the intestinal microbial composition in the two groups. Finally, the relationships between intestinal microflora, Th1/Th2 cells, cytokines, and clinical indicators were analyzed.ResultsC-reactive protein levels were higher in the hypothyroidism group than in the control group. In contrast to the control group, the hypothyroidism group showed an increase in Th1 cells and the Th1/Th2 ratio, and a decrease in Th2 cells. The hypothyroidism group had higher serum IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels, and lower IL-10 levels, than the control group. The richness of the intestinal microflora in the hypothyroidism group increased whereas the diversity decreased. The linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that the hypothyroidism group had a higher abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, but a lower abundance of Bacteroides, compared to the control group. Prevotella was positively correlated with Th1 cells, the Th1/2 ratio, and TNF-α. Bacteroides was positively correlated with Th2 cells and IL-10, but negatively correlated with Th1 cells, the Th1/2 ratio, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. The thyroid peroxidase antibody level was directly proportional to TNF-α.ConclusionA Th1/Th2 imbalance occurs in patients with hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy. Disorders of the intestinal microflora may lead to hypothyroidism during pregnancy by affecting the Th1/Th2 balance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the intestinal microflora and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance in hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy

Ban

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…16 TC levels in serum are thought to be increased in patients with hypothyroidism and decreased in those with hyperthyroidism, reports have shown high levels of TC in pregnant women with SCH patients. 17 TG are part of the body's fats, and are maintained in a dynamic balance; however, during pregnancy, a high caloric diet and a reduced amount of exercise can cause excessive weight gain and increased lipid synthesis. In addition, stress during pregnancy alters the metabolism of pregnant women increasing their TG levels; the subnormal thyroid function of pregnant women with SCH further increases their TG levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Similar studies have also reported that elevated serum LDL-C levels may signal the presence of hypothyroidism in women. 21 Cai Y et al 17 showed that the blood lipids levels and intestinal flora of pregnant women with hypothyroidism were significantly different from those of pregnant women without hypothyroidism, and that the same variables were associated with the pregnancy outcomes. Many studies proclaim serum TSH examination as the best index for the diagnosis of SCH, especially during the primary stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between gestational blood lipids and TSH levels and pregnancy outcome of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Zhang¹,

Chen²,

Dou³

et al. 2023

Pak J Med Sci

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Objective: To investigate the association between gestational blood lipids and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and pregnancy outcomes of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the clinical data of 82 patients (case group) with gestational SCH treated in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 at gestational weeks 25-33 and grouped them according to whether SCH was well controlled by treatment (case Group-A: well controlled, n=55; case Group-B: poorly controlled, n=27), and the clinical data of 41 pregnant women (control group) undergoing physical examination during the same period. After comparing the blood lipids and TSH levels of the three groups, we compared their adverse pregnancy outcomes to assess the possible correlations between blood lipids and TSH levels and pregnancy outcomes. Results: The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and TSH in the case Group-B were significantly higher than those in the case Group-A and the control group (P<0.05). Compared with case Group-B and the control group, the incidence of premature delivery, abortion and neonatal growth restriction was higher in case Group-A (P<0.05). Among 82 patients in the case group 42 presented adverse pregnancy outcomes. The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and TSH in mothers and infants in the adverse outcome group were significantly higher than those in the favorable outcome group (P<0.05). Our Pearson analysis results showed that the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were positively correlated with the TSH levels and the pregnancy outcomes, and that TSH was positively correlated with pregnancy outcomes (P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and TSH in patients with poorly controlled SCH were increased during pregnancy, and were associated with the pregnancy outcomes and positively correlated with each other. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.7150 How to cite this: Zhang J, Chen H, Dou X, Huang W, Zeng H. Association between gestational blood lipids and TSH levels and pregnancy outcome of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):721-725. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.7150 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…1A, B). The abundance of Prevotella in the gut of pregnant women with hypothyroidism was also found to be higher than that in pregnant women without hypothyroidism (Cai et al 2021). Thus, we chose P. intermedia as our potential candidate species for the following research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prevotella intermedia Aggravates Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Dong

Chen

et al. 2023

J Dent Res

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Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been shown to be associated with microbiota. However, the association between SCH and oral microbiota has not yet been elucidated. The results of our previous clinical studies showed that Prevotella intermedia was abundant in the oral microbiota of SCH patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SCH and oral microbiota, verify the pathogenicity of P. intermedia in SCH, and preliminarily explore the possible mechanism. The SCH mouse model with oral application of P. intermedia was established, and the variance in the mouse oral microbiota and changes in thyroid function and metabolism were detected in mice. Student’s t test and analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Oral application of P. intermedia changed the composition of the oral microbiota of SCH mice, which enhanced the damage to the thyroid and decreased the expression of functional genes of the thyroid. Moreover, P. intermedia decreased oxygen consumption and aggravated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in SCH mice. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance decreased, and the triglyceride content of the liver and inflammatory infiltration in adipose tissue increased in SCH mice after P. intermedia stimulation. Mechanistically, P. intermedia increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells in cervical lymph nodes and thyroids in SCH mice. Th1 cells were suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of SCH involving P. intermedia. In conclusion, P. intermedia aggravated SCH manifestations, including thyroid dysfunction and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, by causing immune imbalance in mice. This study sheds new light on the pathogenesis of SCH from the perspective of oral microbiota.

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Plasma Lipid Profile and Intestinal Microflora in Pregnancy Women With Hypothyroidism and Their Correlation With Pregnancy Outcomes

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Correlation between the intestinal microflora and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance in hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy

Correlation between the intestinal microflora and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance in hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy

Association between gestational blood lipids and TSH levels and pregnancy outcome of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Prevotella intermedia Aggravates Subclinical Hypothyroidism

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