Plasma levels of acylated ghrelin during an oral glucose tolerance test in obese children

Lányi, E; Csernus, Katalin; Erhardt, Éva; Tóth, K.; Urbán, Barbara; Lénárd, László; Molnár, Denés

doi:10.1007/bf03347411

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[2][3][4] However, the potential differences between the different ghrelin forms under these pathophysiological conditions are controversial and remain largely undefined. [34][35][36][37][38] As expected, our data show decreased plasma desacyl ghrelin levels in obese patients, which is in accordance with studies carried out by other authors. [34][35][36][37][38] Nonetheless, we found, for the first time, that plasma acylated ghrelin levels are increased in obesity and obesity-associated T2D.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[34][35][36][37][38] As expected, our data show decreased plasma desacyl ghrelin levels in obese patients, which is in accordance with studies carried out by other authors. [34][35][36][37][38] Nonetheless, we found, for the first time, that plasma acylated ghrelin levels are increased in obesity and obesity-associated T2D. The elevation of circulating acylated ghrelin concentrations in obese individuals may play a role in obesity-associated hyperphagia and adiposity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acylated and desacyl ghrelin stimulate lipid accumulation in human visceral adipocytes

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The orexigenic hormone ghrelin circulates mainly in two forms, acylated and desacyl ghrelin. We evaluated the impact of obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) on ghrelin forms and the potential role of acylated and desacyl ghrelin in the control of adipogenesis in humans. Methods: Plasma concentrations of the different ghrelin forms were measured in 80 subjects. The expression of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHS-R) was analyzed in omental adipose tissue using western blot and immunohistochemistry, and the effect of acylated ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin (0.1-1000 pmol l À1 ) on adipogenesis was determined in vitro in omental adipocytes. Results: Circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin were increased, whereas desacyl ghrelin levels were decreased, in obesity and obesity-associated T2D. Body mass index, waist circumference, insulin and HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) index were positively correlated with acylated ghrelin levels. Obese individuals showed a lower protein expression of GHS-R in omental adipose tissue. In differentiating omental adipocytes, incubation with both acylated and desacyl ghrelin significantly increased PPARg (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g) and SREBP1 (sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1) mRNA levels, as well as several fat storage-related proteins, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase and perilipin. Consequently, both the ghrelin forms stimulated intracytoplasmatic lipid accumulation. Conclusions: Both acylated and desacyl ghrelin stimulate lipid accumulation in human visceral adipocytes. Given the lipogenic effect of acylated ghrelin on visceral adipocytes, the herein-reported elevation of its circulating concentrations in obese individuals may play a role in excessive fat accumulation in obesity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Acylated and desacyl ghrelin stimulate lipid accumulation in human visceral adipocytes

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, we found that the small meal did not suppress total ghrelin levels in either lean or obese subjects, although the large meal did. Additionally, studies in the literature which utilized oral glucose loads or liquid meals generally reported suppression of both total and active ghrelin levels in nonobese children, with variable suppression in obese children (16,30,31,32,33). However, these liquid stimuli could expose the ghrelin‐secreting cells in the stomach to more rapid and dramatic increases in simple carbohydrates, which could suppress ghrelin levels more rapidly than do mixed solid meals (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese Adolescents Show Impaired Meal Responses of the Appetite‐Regulating Hormones Ghrelin and PYY

Mittelman

Klier

Braun

et al. 2010

Obesity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) stimulate hunger and satiety, respectively. The physiology of these hormones during normal meal intake remains unclear. The present study was designed to compare the responses of these two hormones to meal intake between lean and obese Hispanic adolescents. Ten obese and seven lean Hispanic youth, aged 11-14 yr, consumed two mixed meals, one small and one large, during which plasma measurements of active and total ghrelin and total PYY were obtained. Obese subjects tended to consume more calories during the small meal than lean subjects, although this did not reach statistical significance. Intake of the small meal significantly suppressed active ghrelin and stimulated PYY levels in the lean subjects, and these changes were further accentuated by the large meals. In obese subjects, the suppression of active ghrelin and stimulation of PYY by caloric intake were blunted. Interestingly, a paradoxical stimulation of active ghrelin levels was noted during the small meals in both lean and obese subjects. This stimulation was not seen during the larger meals in lean subjects, but remained present in the obese subjects. Thus, mealrelated changes in active ghrelin and PYY are blunted in obese as compared to lean Hispanic subjects. This blunting could contribute to the development or worsening of obesity.

show abstract

“…Studies have reported lower total (34,35) and acylated ghrelin (36) in the fasting state in obese compared with lean children, and lower total ghrelin AUC in obese adults after a mixed meal buffet (37) and after oral glucose in obese children (38,39). Consistent with this, fasting active ghrelin and absolute ghrelin AUC were lower in obese girls compared with controls following the high‐carbohydrate and high‐fat breakfasts, likely an adaptive response to a state of overnutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Carbohydrate Induced Ghrelin Secretion in Obese vs. Normal‐weight Adolescent Girls

Misra

Tsai

Mendes

et al. 2009

Obesity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways mediate food intake and may be affected by meal composition. Our objective was to determine whether changes in levels of active ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) differ in obese vs. normal-weight adolescent girls following specific macronutrient intake and predict hunger and subsequent food intake. We enrolled 26 subjects: 13 obese and 13 normal-weight girls, 12–18 years old, matched for maturity (as assessed by bone age) and race. Subjects were assigned a high-carbohydrate, high-protein, and high-fat breakfast in random order. Active ghrelin and PYY were assessed for 4 h after breakfast and 1 h after intake of a standardized lunch. Hunger was assessed using a standardized visual analog scale (VAS). No suppression in active ghrelin levels was noted following macronutrient intake in obese or normal-weight girls. Contrary to expectations, active ghrelin increased in obese girls following the high-carbohydrate breakfast, and the percent increase was higher than in controls (P = 0.046). Subsequent food intake at lunch was also higher (P = 0.03). Following the high-fat breakfast, but not other breakfasts, percent increase in PYY was lower (P = 0.01) and subsequent lunch intake higher (P = 0.005) in obese compared with normal-weight girls. In obese adolescents, specific intake of high-carbohydrate and high-fat breakfasts is associated with greater increases in ghrelin, lesser increases in PYY, and higher intake at a subsequent meal than in controls. Changes in anorexigenic and orexigenic hormones in obese vs. normal-weight adolescents following high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals may influence hunger and satiety signals and subsequent food intake.

show abstract

Plasma levels of acylated ghrelin during an oral glucose tolerance test in obese children

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Acylated and desacyl ghrelin stimulate lipid accumulation in human visceral adipocytes

Acylated and desacyl ghrelin stimulate lipid accumulation in human visceral adipocytes

Obese Adolescents Show Impaired Meal Responses of the Appetite‐Regulating Hormones Ghrelin and PYY

Increased Carbohydrate Induced Ghrelin Secretion in Obese vs. Normal‐weight Adolescent Girls

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About