Plasma Leptin Levels in Newborns from Normal and Diabetic Mothers

Maffei, Margherita; Volpe, L; Cianni, Graziano Di; Bertacca, A; Ferdeghini, M; Murru, S; Teti, G; Casadidio, I; Cecchetti, P; Navalesi, Renzo; Benzi, Luca

doi:10.1055/s-2007-978936

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The lowest levels were seen in the newborn infants of control mothers. Recent studies have shown similar findings [13, 14, 15]. The newborn infants of diabetic mothers were also found to be hyperinsulinemic as has been previously reported [15, 16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Leptin Concentrations Are Elevated in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers

et al. 2001

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Background: Infants of diabetic mothers have been characterized by macrosomia due to hyperinsulinism. A relation has been observed between circulating levels of leptin and the intrauterine growth pattern. Methods: We studied the leptin and insulin concentrations in the cord blood of 29 newborn infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes (iT1DM), 70 newborn infants of mothers with gestational diabetes and 105 newborn infants of nondiabetic mothers. Results: There were significant differences (p < 0.001) between the 3 groups with the highest leptin levels 24.9 µg/l (range 1.7–94.1) in infants of mothers with iT1DM and the second-highest levels 14.0 µg/l (range 2.6–74.9) in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes (iGDM), whereas the control infants had the lowest leptin levels 10.0 µg/l (range 0.10–45.9). Girls had higher leptin concentrations than boys among the iT1DM and control infants. The insulin concentrations were 18.1 mU/l (range 1.9–123.3), 6.1 mU/l (range 1.1–51.4) and 3.6 mU/l (range 0.5–21.5) in the 3 groups (p < 0.001), respectively. A significant correlation was observed between leptin and insulin concentrations in iGDM and control infants (r = 0.51; p < 0.001 and r = 0.25; p < 0.05). Both absolute and relative birth weights correlated with leptin levels in all 3 groups (r = 0.60, p = 0.01 and r = 0.51, p = 0.05 in iT1DM; r = 0.51 and 0.56, p < 0.001 in iGDM and r = 0.42 and 0.59, p < 0.001 in control infants). Conclusion: Our results confirm the relation between leptin concentrations and birth weight. They also suggest that leptin may be involved in the increased accumulation of adipose tissue characteristic of infants of diabetic mothers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Leptin Concentrations Are Elevated in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers

et al. 2001

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“…Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) mothers, although clinically well controlled, gave birth to newborns with significantly higher levels of leptin and insulin (26). Moderate increases in circulating leptin were recently reported to decrease considerably the expression of the gene for its synthesis in adipose tissue (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass, plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and C-peptide in offspring of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers

et al. 2001

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Objective: The aim was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels in the offspring of diabetic mothers (DM) and non-diabetic healthy mothers (HM). Design: Seventy-two offspring (37 girls and 35 boys, age 4±20 years) of DM were investigated in a prospective study. Those 14±16 years old (Tanner stage II±IV) were compared with age-matched offspring of HM (33 girls and 33 boys). Results: BMI strongly correlated with plasma leptin concentration in the offspring of both DM and HM children. There were higher BMI and plasma leptin and glucose levels in DM than in HM children. There was no difference in plasma insulin or C-peptide levels between HM and age-matched DM children. There was a highly significant positive correlation between plasma leptin and C-peptide in boys of DM. Conclusions: The higher plasma leptin found in the offspring of DM reflects their higher BMI. A moderately high but still normal glycemia might be a preclinical sign of insulin resistance or other disturbance of glucoregulation.

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“…This concurs with the findings from several singleton studies, which report that plasma leptin concentrations at term are directly related to birth weight. A strong association between these two variables has also been reported in diabetic and IUGR infants, with a weak association for AGA fetuses (7,(31)(32)(33). Furthermore, the strong positive association between the percentage discordance in birth weight and the delta fetal plasma leptin concentrations suggests that intertwin differences in the growth discordant group may be partly related to disparity in fat mass accumulation or intrauterine fetal growth, and points toward a role for leptin as a regulator of fetal growth (33).…”

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confidence: 87%

Fetal Leptin Influences Birth Weight in Twins with Discordant Growth

2001

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The objective of this study was to determine the plasma leptin concentrations in twin pregnancies in relation to chorionicity and discordant fetal growth. We studied 53 twin pregnancies of which 26 had growth discordance of Ն20% and 27 were concordant for growth (discordance of Յ10%). Paired maternal and fetal blood samples were obtained at birth. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured by RIA. In discordant monochorionic pregnancies, fetal plasma leptin concentrations in the intrauterine growth-restricted twins were lower than the co-twins with normal growth (mean difference, 3 ng/mL; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.3 ng/mL; p Ͻ 0.001), whereas no such differences were present between concordant monochorionic twin pairs (mean difference, 0.1 ng/mL; 95% CI, Ϫ0.2 to 0.5 ng/mL; NS). Similarly, fetal plasma leptin concentrations in appropriate-for-gestational-age twins were higher than in the intrauterine growth-restricted twins of the discordant dichorionic pregnancies (mean difference, 2.4 ng/mL; 95% CI, 1.8 to 3.1 ng/mL; p Ͻ 0.001). No such differences were present between the concordant dichorionic twin pairs (mean difference, 0.2 ng/mL; 95% CI, Ϫ0.1 to 0.5 ng/mL; NS). Maternal plasma leptin concentrations were comparable among all four groups and were higher than the fetal levels. Fetal plasma leptin concentrations of the intrauterine growth-restricted twins of discordant monochorionic and dichorionic pregnancies were comparable. There was a positive association between cord plasma leptin concentrations and the birth weight of twin pairs (y ϭ 0.002x Ϫ 0.32; r ϭ 0.63; p Ͻ 0.001; n ϭ 106). A significant positive association was also found between percent differences in birth weight and fetal delta plasma leptin concentrations of the discordant monochorionic and dichorionic twin pairs (y ϭ 0.057x ϩ 0.93; r ϭ 0.60; p Ͻ 0.001, n ϭ 26). In conclusion, irrespective of chorionicity, plasma leptin concentrations in intrauterine growth-restricted twins were 2-fold lower than their co-twins with normal growth. These differences may be attributed to placental factors. Leptin is a 16-kD protein encoded by the ob gene and produced by adipocytes (1). It regulates body weight through a negative feedback signal between the adipose tissue and the hypothalamic centers of satiety, thereby causing a decrease in food intake and increases in body temperature and energy expenditure (2). In obese or normal weight children, as in adults, plasma leptin concentrations closely correlate with body weight and percentage body fat (3, 4). Raised plasma leptin concentrations are observed during pregnancy and in fetal life (5,6). Several recent studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between plasma leptin concentrations in cord blood and body weight at birth (7,8). The mechanisms by which maternal and fetal or neonatal weight and fat mass are regulated during pregnancy and in fetal life are poorly understood.Leptin is synthesized by adipocytes and the human placenta (8, 9). The adipose tissue in the newborn is capable of synthesizing and secreting...

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Plasma Leptin Levels in Newborns from Normal and Diabetic Mothers

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Leptin Concentrations Are Elevated in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers

Leptin Concentrations Are Elevated in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers

Body mass, plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and C-peptide in offspring of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers

Fetal Leptin Influences Birth Weight in Twins with Discordant Growth

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