Plasma leptin and mRNA expression of lipogenesis and lipolysis‐related factors in bovine adipose tissue around parturition

Abstract

The objective was to study changes in plasma leptin concentration parallel to changes in the gene expression of lipogenic- and lipolytic-related genes in adipose tissue of dairy cows around parturition. Subcutaneous fat biopsies were taken from 27 dairy cows in week 8 antepartum (a.p.), on day 1 postpartum (p.p.) and in week 5 p.p. Blood samples were assayed for concentrations of leptin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Subcutaneous adipose tissue was analysed for mRNA abundance by real-time qRT-PCR encoding for leptin, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), hormones-sensitive lipase (HSL), perilipin (PLIN), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acyl-CoA synthase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2). Body weight and body condition score of the cows were lower after parturition than before parturition. The calculated energy balance was negative in week 1 and 5 p.p., with higher negative energy balance in week 1 p.p. compared with that in week 5 p.p. On day 1 p.p., highest concentrations of NEFA (353.3 μmol/l) were detected compared with the other biopsy time-points (210.6 and 107.7 μmol/l, in week 8 a.p., and week 5 p.p. respectively). Reduced plasma concentrations of leptin during p.p. when compared with a.p. would favour increasing metabolic efficiency and energy conservation for mammary function and reconstitution of body reserves. Lower mRNA abundance of ACC and FASN expression on day 1 p.p. compared with other biopsy time-points suggests an attenuation of fatty acid synthesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue shortly after parturition. Gene expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, HSL, PLIN, LPL, ACSL1 and GPD2 was unchanged over time.

Endocrine and metabolic changes in transition dairy cows are affected by prepartum infusions of a serotonin precursor

“…In addition, leptin concentrations decreased in both groups at parturition, which was likely caused by the characteristic negative energy balance that occurs at the onset of lactation (Vernon et al, 2002;Gross et al, 2011). Those results are in agreement with Sadri et al (2011) who observed decreased leptin concentrations 1 d postpartum compared with values obtained 8 wk prepartum. Singh et al (2014) described that adiponectin concentrations also decreased as a consequence of the onset of lactation; however, in our study adiponectin remained unchanged throughout the entire study period.…”

“…Insulin has been described to stimulate secretion of leptin (Block et al, 2001;Sadri et al, 2011) and adiponectin (Blumer et al, 2008) by the adipocytes. In the present study, the 5-HTP dosage did not affect either leptin or adiponectin concentrations.…”

Nuclear translocation of STAT3 by in vitro metreleptin administration causes lipolysis in human primary adipocytes

“…In order to address these questions, we conducted in vitro signaling studies and checked whether metreleptin-regulated differentiation and lipolysis is modulated by STAT3 signaling in hPA. It has been shown that overexpression of the leptin gene in adipocytes and increased circulating levels of leptin may contribute to enhance lipolysis in obesity (Sadri et al 2011). Similarly, we observed that in vitro administration of metreleptin induces lipolysis in both SC-and OM-derived hPA.…”

Effects of increasing dietary concentrations of fish oil on lamb performance, ruminal fermentation, and leptin gene expression in perirenal fat

“…The role of leptin is well documented in rodents and humans, increasing lipolysis and decreasing lipogenesis in the adipose tissues or in the liver (Havel et al, 2004;Sadri et al, 2011), but it is more poorly understood in ruminants (Chilliard et al, 2005). Chilliard et al (2005) suggested that fatty acids, particularly linoleic, could stimulate leptin expression in ruminants as well as in rodents.…”