Plasma‐lead concentration: Investigations into its usefulness for biological monitoring of occupational lead exposure

Bergdahl, Ingvar A.; Gerhardsson, Lars; Liljelind, Ingrid; Nilsson, Leif; Skerfving, Staffan

doi:10.1002/ajim.20253

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The present data clearly show the well-known anaemic effect of Pb exposure (Bergdahl et al 2006). Previous authors have described the relationship between exposure and B-Hb by use of B–Pb as a biomarker (Gennart et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Long-term lead elimination from plasma and whole blood after poisoning

Rentschler

Broberg

Lundh

et al. 2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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ObjectiveBlood lead (B–Pb), one of the most used toxicological biomarker all kind, has serious limitations. Thus, the objective is to evaluate whether plasma lead (P–Pb) is more adequate.MethodsA long-term follow-up study of five cases of lead poisoning. P–Pb was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Kinetics after end of exposure was modelled.ResultsP–Pb at severe poisoning was about 20 μg/L; haematological effects at about 5 μg/L. Biological half-time of P–Pb was about 1 month; B–Pb decay was much slower.ConclusionP–Pb is a valuable biomarker of exposure to and risk, particularly at high exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Long-term lead elimination from plasma and whole blood after poisoning

Rentschler

Broberg

Lundh

et al. 2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…It is possible that serum (Pb‐S) or plasma (Pb‐P) Pb concentrations may be better indexes of Pb exposure, distribution and the associated health risks [12]. This is because the toxic effects of Pb are primarily associated with the most rapidly exchangeable Pb fraction in the bloodstream, which is the Pb fraction in serum or plasma [13,14]. Importantly, maternal Pb‐P concentrations were shown to vary independently from maternal Pb‐B levels [15,16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Blood and Serum Lead Levels in Peripartum Women and their Respective Umbilical Cords

Amaral

Rezende

Quintana

et al. 2010

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Foetal exposure to lead (Pb) during pregnancy is a major problem. However, no previous study has examined whether Pb concentrations in blood (Pb-B) and in serum (Pb-S) from pregnant women correlate with Pb-B and Pb-S in the foetuses. This hypothesis was tested in the present study. We measured Pb-B and Pb-S in 120 healthy pregnant women (more than 38 weeks of gestation) and their respective umbilical cord samples. The analyses were carried out with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. We found higher Pb-B levels in the women compared with their respective umbilical cord samples (1.736 € 0.090 lg ⁄ dL and 1.194 € 0.062 lg ⁄ dL, respectively; p < 0.05). In parallel, we found higher Pb-S levels in the women compared with their respective umbilical cord samples (0.042 € 0.003 lg ⁄ dL and 0.032 € 0.003 lg ⁄ dL, respectively; p < 0.05). However, similar %Pb-S ⁄ Pb-B ratios were found in the women compared with their respective umbilical cord samples (2.414 € 0.210% and 2.740 € 0.219%, respectively; p > 0.05). Interestingly, we found positive correlations between Pb-B in the umbilical cords and Pb-B in the respective pregnant women (rs = 0.5714; p < 0.0001), and between Pb-S in the umbilical cords and Pb-S in the respective pregnant women (rs = 0.3902; p < 0.0001) as well as between %Pb-B ⁄ Pb-S in the umbilical cords and %Pb-B ⁄ Pb-S in the respective pregnant women (rs = 0.3767; p < 0.0001). These results indicate that the assessment of Pb-B and Pb-S in pregnant women provides relevant indexes of foetal exposure to Pb. Moreover, the similar %Pb-S ⁄ Pb-B in pregnant women and in the umbilical cords shows that the foetuses are directly exposed to the rapidly exchangeable Pb fraction found in their mothers.Major concerns exist with regard to lead (Pb) exposure, which should not be found in the blood, especially during pregnancy. For example, lead exposure may affect and disrupt normal physiology as well as increase the oxidative stress [1]. The increased demands for calcium during pregnancy lead to increased bone turnover and increased circulating Pb levels [2,3]. Pb from the mother can easily cross the placenta [4] and expose the foetus to the harmful effects of Pb, thus affecting the embryonic development of multiple organ systems and causing retardation of cognitive development [5]. Indeed, recent results have indicated reduced intellectual development in children with a history of prenatal lead exposure [6].Because Pb accumulates in bone and has a half-life of years or decades, Pb transference to the foetus may take place even years after maternal exposure [3,7]. In order to study the impact of prenatal exposure to Pb, the concentrations of this metal are usually measured in maternal whole blood (Pb-B) [8][9][10]. Others have measured prenatal maternal bone Pb levels as an index of Pb burden [3,11]. However, it is not clear which is the best biomarker to assess lead exposure during pregnancy. It is possible that serum (Pb-S) or plasma (Pb-P) Pb concentrations may be better indexes of Pb exposur...

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“…The technique has been applied to assessing lead exposures in adults (Cake et al 1996;Hernandez-Avila et al 1998;Manton et al 2001;Smith et al 2002;Tellez-Rojo et al 2004). A direct comparison of lead concentrations in plasma and serum yielded similar results (Bergdahl et al 2006); however, the interchangeability of plasma and serum lead measurements for biomonitoring of lead exposure or body burden had not been thoroughly evaluated in large numbers of subjects (Bergdahl et al 2006;Manton et al 2001;Smith et al 2002).…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The concentration of lead in plasma is extremely difficult to measure accurately because levels in plasma are near the quantitation limits of most analytical techniques (e.g., approximately 0.4 μg/L at blood lead concentration of 100 μg/L (Bergdahl and Skerfving 1997;Bergdahl et al 1997a) and because hemolysis that occurs with typical analytical practices can contribute substantial measurement error (Bergdahl et al 1998(Bergdahl et al , 2006Cavalleri et al 1978;Smith et al 1998a). Recent advances in inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) offer sensitivity sufficient for measurements of lead in plasma (Schütz et al 1996).…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%