Plasma kinetics of lutein, zeaxanthin, and 3-dehydro-lutein after multiple oral doses of a lutein supplement

Abstract

Long-term supplementation with 4.1 and 20.5 mg lutein as beadlets increased plasma lutein concentrations approximately 3.5- and 10-fold, respectively.

A supplementation study in human subjects with a combination ofmeso-zeaxanthin, (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin and (3R,3′R,6′R)-lutein

“…Previous work with both lutein (23) and zeaxanthin (24) Fig. 3 and indicate that the individual responses of both lutein and (3R,3 0 R)-zeaxanthin in the mixture are slightly lower than those reported previously.…”

“…3 and indicate that the individual responses of both lutein and (3R,3 0 R)-zeaxanthin in the mixture are slightly lower than those reported previously. Nevertheless, the responses do lie very close to the response lines of the respective xanthophylls when fed as almost pure substances (23,24) . These data also show the superior plasma response to (3R,3 0 R)-zeaxanthin over both lutein and MZ and it is also worth noting that, in spite of the small amount of zeaxanthin in the supplement, there were no non-responders with regard to any of the xanthophyll carotenoids supplied.…”

“…It is possible that the superior plasma response to (3R,3 0 R)zeaxanthin compared with MZ was due to the larger amount of MZ and lutein in Lutein Plus w . However, the xanthophylls may be absorbed differently from b-carotene since the plasma response to increasing amounts of both lutein (up to 20 mg/ d (23) ) and (3R,3 0 R)-zeaxanthin (up to 10 mg/d (24) ) were still relatively high at the upper dose when fed to plateau at 18 d (Fig. 3).…”

Serum response to supplemental macular carotenoids in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration

“…However, as expected, supplementation with high-dose L did result in a significantly higher absolute L concentration in serum than seen following supplementation with low-dose L. Indeed, these findings are consistent with the results of the present study. While a lower serum response to L in Group 3 (the high MZ group) was expected, reflecting its lower dosage (only 3 mg L), the lack of any response was not anticipated and did not compare well with other studies (29,36) . Bone et al (29) reported that only 2•4 mg of L/d achieved a 0•100 mmol/l per mg response in serum L. However, our data (for Group 3) are in agreement with a more recent study by Bone et al (24) , which found that a supplement containing 5•5 mg L, 1•4 mg Z and 14•9 mg MZ achieved only a 0•001 mmol/l per mg response in serum L, while 0•012 mmol/l per mg was observed for the total Z fraction (the dominant carotenoids in their formulation).…”

“…In that study, nineteen subjects were supplemented with 10 mg L, 1•2 mg of Z and 8 mg of MZ (LuteinPluse), and a lower L response (0•056 mmol/l per mg) was reported than that reported in the present study (0•079 mmol/l per mg). In a different study, Thurmann et al (36) authors found that the rate of increase in serum L was greater for the low-dose L supplement when compared with the high-dose L supplement (0•093 and 0•064 mmol/l per mg, respectively). However, as expected, supplementation with high-dose L did result in a significantly higher absolute L concentration in serum than seen following supplementation with low-dose L. Indeed, these findings are consistent with the results of the present study.…”