Plasma iron status in elite weightlifters after four weeks of intensive training

Khlif, Rim Jallouli; Marrakchi, Rim; Jamoussi, Kamel; Sahnoun, Zouheir; Chtourou, Hamdi; Souissi, Nizar

doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2019.02.003

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Previous research exploring the effects of POR in strength athlete populations has focused largely on prospective cohort (Warren et al, 1992 ; Fry et al, 1993 , 2000a ; Hartman et al, 2007 ; Haff et al, 2008 ; Bazyler et al, 2017 ; Khlif et al, 2019 ; Suarez et al, 2019 ) and longitudinal observational studies involving weightlifting athletes (Häkkinen et al, 1987 , 1989 ; Fry et al, 1994b ), as well as case studies involving both weightlifting (Bazyler et al, 2018 ; Travis et al, 2020a ) and maximal effort throws athletes (Bazyler et al, 2017 ). These study designs facilitate the assessment of exposure to tailored POR protocols, as well as the analysis of baseline data at different time points with or without manipulation of the training environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Want to Create So Much Stimulus That Adaptation Goes Through the Roof”: High-Performance Strength Coaches' Perceptions of Planned Overreaching

Bell

Ruddock

Maden‐Wilkinson

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Functional overreaching (FOR) occurs when athletes experience improved athletic capabilities in the days and weeks following short-term periods of increased training demand. However, prolonged high training demand with insufficient recovery may also lead to non-functional overreaching (NFOR) or the overtraining syndrome (OTS). The aim of this research was to explore strength coaches' perceptions and experiences of planned overreaching (POR); short-term periods of increased training demand designed to improve athletic performance. Fourteen high-performance strength coaches (weightlifting; n = 5, powerlifting; n = 4, sprinting; n = 2, throws; n = 2, jumps; n = 1) participated in semistructured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis identified 3 themes: creating enough challenge, training prescription, and questioning the risk to reward. POR was implemented for a 7 to 14 day training cycle and facilitated through increased daily/weekly training volume and/or training intensity. Participants implemented POR in the weeks (~5–8 weeks) preceding competition to allow sufficient time for performance restoration and improvement to occur. Short-term decreased performance capacity, both during and in the days to weeks following training, was an anticipated by-product of POR, and at times used as a benchmark to confirm that training demand was sufficiently challenging. Some participants chose not to implement POR due to a lack of knowledge, confidence, and/or perceived increased risk of athlete training maladaptation. Additionally, this research highlights the potential dichotomy between POR protocols used by strength coaches to enhance athletic performance and those used for the purpose of inducing training maladaptation for diagnostic identification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Want to Create So Much Stimulus That Adaptation Goes Through the Roof”: High-Performance Strength Coaches' Perceptions of Planned Overreaching

Bell

Ruddock

Maden‐Wilkinson

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…(34) In this direction, it was thought that Fe in the content of crumb rubber may cause an increase in peripheral Fe levels in field hockey players. (35)(36)(37) In addition, this increase in serum Fe concentration was thought to be due to erythrocyte fragmentation and hemolysis during physical exercise and circulatory stress. (38)(39)(40) These reasons can explain the increase in peripheral Fe levels of AG after the tournament, and accordingly, it can be said that cellular damage due to Fe toxicity may occur in individuals exposed to artificial turf for extended periods of time, such as field hockey players.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of blood metal levels of hockey teams after playing on synthetic turf fields

GULLU,

EFDAL,

GULLU

et al. 2023

Univ Med

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Background Artificial turf fields are widely used as an alternative to natural grass in many areas such as parks, playgrounds, and playing fields. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of the chemicals contained in the fields consisting of artificial turf and crumb rubber on the blood metal levels in field hockey players. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 28 apparently healthy men aged 20-25 years who participated in this study voluntarily. They consisted of 17 field hockey athletes [athlete group (AG)] and 11 sedentary males [control group (CG)]. Before and after the 7-day tournament, blood samples were taken from AG and CG to measure mercury, arsenic, aluminum, lead, zinc, magnesium and iron levels. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data. ResultsIn comparisons between CG and AG, the magnesium level of AG before the tournament was higher, while the iron and mercury levels were significantly lower (p<0.05). In intragroup comparisons, a significant increase was observed in the post-tournament magnesium and iron variables in the AG group (p<0.05). In post-tournament intergroup comparisons, increases in the Mg and decreases in the Hg variables of AG were significant (p<0.05). ConclusionIt is thought that as a result of the tournament on fields with synthetic grass surfaces, the male field hockey players in the 20-25 age group were toxicologically not affected by the harmful heavy metals present in these fields, because the Hg, As, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe, and Mg levels are within the international reference ranges.

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“…Studies have investigated the effects of purposeful OR on serum hormones and biomarkers with conflicting results. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Most studies involved elite-level weightlifters, with a single study comparing the effects of OR in elite-and non-elite subjects. [25] 2 studies involved a female only cohort [27,28] and 4 studies recruited junior-level subjects.…”

Section: Endocrinological Measures and Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…negative correlation between T/C and OR training in non-elite subjects was observed suggesting training competence and/or experience might affect the hormonal response to overload training.Other potential biomarkers have been assessed during purposeful OR, including lactate and ammonia,[19] creatine kinase (CK) and plasma iron status [29]. Short-term OR resulted in altered lactate and ammonia concentrations coinciding with reductions in maximum effort jump performance [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short-term OR resulted in altered lactate and ammonia concentrations coinciding with reductions in maximum effort jump performance [19]. However, no decrease in performance during a weightlifting-specific snatch test was observed, suggesting alterations in such biomarkers can occur without performance decrement.A single study assessed the effects of short-term OR on plasma iron status and selective inflammatory markers [29]. OR resulted in altered iron-status-balance parameters (especially in female weightlifters), with concomitant increases in CK.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overreaching and overtraining in strength sports and resistance training: A scoping review

Bell

Ruddock

Maden‐Wilkinson

et al. 2020

Journal of Sports Sciences

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To date, little is known about overreaching (OR) and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) in strength sports and resistance training (RT) populations. However, the available literature may elucidate the occurrence of both conditions in these populations. A scoping review was conducted. SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in a robust and systematic manner, with relevant articles analysed. 1,170 records were retrieved during an initial search, with a total of 47 included in the review. Two broad themes were identified during data extraction: 1) overreaching in strength sports; 2) overreaching and overtraining syndrome in RT. Short-term periods of OR achieved with either high-volume or high-intensity RT can elicit functional OR (FOR) but there is also evidence that chronic high-volume and/or intensity RT can lead to nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR). There is minimal evidence to suggest that true OTS has occurred in strength sports or RT based on the studies entered during this review. More research is needed to develop robust guiding principles for practitioners.Additionally, due to the heterogeneous nature of the existing literature, future research would benefit from the development of practical tools to identify and diagnose the transition from FOR to NFOR, and subsequently OTS in strength athletes and RT populations.

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Plasma iron status in elite weightlifters after four weeks of intensive training

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

“I Want to Create So Much Stimulus That Adaptation Goes Through the Roof”: High-Performance Strength Coaches' Perceptions of Planned Overreaching

“I Want to Create So Much Stimulus That Adaptation Goes Through the Roof”: High-Performance Strength Coaches' Perceptions of Planned Overreaching

Evaluation of blood metal levels of hockey teams after playing on synthetic turf fields

Overreaching and overtraining in strength sports and resistance training: A scoping review

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