Abstract:Background: Depression and pain frequently coexist clinically. Ketamine has analgesic and antidepressant effects, but few studies have evaluated individual differences in antidepressant outcomes to repeated ketamine in depressed patients with comorbid pain. Our aims were to determine the difference in ketamine’s antidepressant effects in depressed patients with or without pain and then to examine whether inflammatory cytokines might contribute to ketamine’s effect. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with major de… Show more
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