Plasma induced grafting of PSt onto titanium dioxide powder. II

Zhong, Shengwen; Meng, Yuedong; Ou, Qiongrong; Xingsheng, Shu

doi:10.1002/app.21902

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…37 The surface preparation required for such techniques combined with the reliance on surface hydroxyl chemistry limits the large-scale adaptation of such methods and the level of chain density that can be achieved. Direct plasma initiation and grafting without the use of surrogate surfaces has been demonstrated qualitatively on titanium oxide particles 38 and silicone rubber materials, 39 with characteristic surface radical formation noted as a function of treatment time and rf power, similar to that for organic materials. Yet, a recent study performed by Kai et al 40 demonstrated that, under low-pressure plasma surface treatment of Shirasu porous glass, a direct correlation between silanol density and grafted polymer density was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Inorganic Surface Nanostructuring by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Induced Graft Polymerization

et al. 2007

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Surface graft polymerization of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone onto a silicon surface was accomplished by atmospheric pressure (AP) hydrogen plasma surface activation followed by graft polymerization in both N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and in an NMP/water solvent mixture. The formation of initiation sites was controlled by the plasma exposure period, radio frequency (rf) power, and adsorbed surface water. The surface number density of active sites was critically dependent on the presence of adsorbed surface water with a maximum observed at approximately a monolayer surface water coverage. The surface topology and morphology of the grafted polymer layer depended on the solvent mixture composition, initial monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Grafted polymer surfaces prepared in pure NMP resulted in a polymer feature spacing of as low as 5-10 nm (average feature diameter of about 17 nm), an rms surface roughness range of 0.18-0.72 nm, and a maximum grafted polymer layer thickness of 5.5 nm. Graft polymerization in an NMP/water solvent mixture, however, resulted in polymer feature sizes that increased up to a maximum average feature diameter of about 90 nm at [NMP] = 60% (v/v) with polymer feature spacing in the range of 10-50 nm. The surface topology of the polymer-modified silicon surfaces grafted in an NMP/water solvent mixture exhibited a bimodal feature height distribution. In constrast, graft polymerization in pure NMP resulted in a narrow feature height distribution of smaller-diameter surface features with smaller surface spacing. The results demonstrated that, with the present approach, the topology of the grafted polymer surface was tunable by adjusting the NMP/water ratio. The present surface graft polymerization method, which is carried out under AP conditions, is particularly advantageous for polymer surface structuring via radical polymerization and can, in principle, be scaled to large surfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Inorganic Surface Nanostructuring by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Induced Graft Polymerization

et al. 2007

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“…The applications of the polymer were huge in areas as they were used in medicine, transport, construction, aviation, and so on [1][2][3][4]. However, the preparation of PMMA generally involved the formation of unsaturated end groups and head-head (H-H) linkages due to the disproportionation and coupling reaction [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of poly (methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) copolymers and their kinetic analysis of the thermal degradation

Xiao

Dong

et al. 2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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Poly (methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) copolymer was synthesized through the solution polymerization on the different conditions. The samples were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the relationship between reaction temperature with the content of maleic anhydride (MAH) in the copolymer was investigated by the aid of titration method. It founded that the maleic anhydride content in P(MMA-co-MAH) copolymer was increased with the higher reaction temperature, but the maleic anhydride content in P(MMA-co-MAH) copolymer would increase a lesser degree when the temperature climbed well above 100°C. Thermal gravity analysis (TGA) tests showed that the resultant copolymer displayed the better thermostability, and using the Ozawa and Kissinger equations to research the degradation kinetics of P(MMA-co-MAH) copolymer. The results showed that the thermostability of copolymer was affected by both the reaction temperature and the rate of charge of maleic anhydride together, and the content of maleic anhydride in copolymer played a significant important role in influencing the thermostability of P(MMA-co-MAH) copolymer.

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“…Plasma-induced graft polymerization resolves the above limitations via surface activation by plasma treatment to create a dense coverage of surface-activated sites, from which liquid-phase vinyl monomer addition may proceed to form grafted polymer chains. Low pressure plasma-induced graft polymerization of polystyrene has been demonstrated for surface structuring of Nafion fuel cells, , poly(vinylidene fluoride) pervaporation membranes, , and titanium dioxide particles. , However, low pressure plasma-induced graft polymerization requires the use of vacuum chambers, which limits the practical scale-up potential for industrial applications. Recently, atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma-induced graft polymerization was used to create dense layers of end-grafted poly(vinylpyrrolidone) from inorganic silicon surfaces .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Nitroxide-Mediated Styrene Surface Graft Polymerization with Atmospheric Plasma Surface Activation

Lewis

Cohen

2008

Langmuir

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Polymer layer growth by free radical graft polymerization (FRGP) and controlled nitroxide-mediated graft polymerization (NMGP) of polystyrene was achieved by atmospheric pressure hydrogen plasma surface activation of silicon. Kinetic polystyrene layer growth by atmospheric pressure plasma-induced FRGP (APPI-FRGP) exhibited a maximum surface-grafted layer thickness (125 A after 20 h) at an initial monomer concentration of [M] 0 = 2.62 M at 85 degrees C. Increasing both the reaction temperature ( T = 100 degrees C) and initial monomer concentration ([M] 0 = 4.36 M) led to an increased initial film growth rate but a reduced polymer layer thickness, due to uncontrolled thermal initiation and polymer grafting from solution. Controlled atmospheric pressure plasma-induced NMGP (APPI-NMGP), using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), exhibited a linear increase in grafted polystyrene layer growth with time due to controlled surface graft polymerization as well as reduced uncontrolled solution polymerization and polymer grafting, resulting in a polymer layer thickness of 285 A after 60 h at [TEMPO] = 10 mM, [M] 0 = 4.36 M, and T = 120 degrees C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface analysis demonstrated that polystyrene-grafted surfaces created by APPI-NMGP exhibited a high surface density of spatially homogeneous polymer features with a low root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness ( R rms = 0.36 nm), similar to that of the native silicon surface ( R rms = 0.21 nm). In contrast, polymer films created by APPI-FRGP at [M] 0 = 2.62 M demonstrated an increase in polymer film surface roughness observed at reaction temperatures of 85 degrees C ( R rms = 0.55 nm) and 100 degrees C ( R rms = 1.70 nm). The present study concluded that the current approach to APPI controlled radical polymerization may be used to achieve a grafted polymer layer with a lower surface roughness and a higher fractional coverage of surface-grafted polymers compared to both conventional FRGP and APPI-FRGP.

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Plasma induced grafting of PSt onto titanium dioxide powder. II

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Inorganic Surface Nanostructuring by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Induced Graft Polymerization

Inorganic Surface Nanostructuring by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Induced Graft Polymerization

Fabrication of poly (methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) copolymers and their kinetic analysis of the thermal degradation

Controlled Nitroxide-Mediated Styrene Surface Graft Polymerization with Atmospheric Plasma Surface Activation

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