Plasma hormone concentrations in newborn Scottish Blackface lambs during basal and summit metabolism

Eales, FA; Small, J.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30546-0

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The relatively low intensity of these physical movements (Mellor and Murray 1989;Molony et al 1993;Lester et al 1996) compared with the vigorous muscular contractions which are required to markedly elevate plasma lactate concentrations (e.g. intense shivering during maximum metabolic responses of lambs to cold exposure; Eales et al 1986), is consistent with this. Finally, the relative constancy of plasma glucose and lactate concentrations in lambs in the present study is also consistent with the absence of an adrenaline response to ring castration and tail docking of other lambs (Mellor et al 2002), because adrenaline infusion is known to increase plasma glucose and lactate concentrations in sheep (Brockman 1991;Sano et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Blood pressure, heart rate, hormonal and other acute responses to rubber-ring castration and tail docking of lambs

Peers

Mellor²,

Wintour

et al. 2002

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Blood pressure, heart rate, hormonal and other acute responses to rubber-ring castration and tail docking of lambs

Peers

Mellor²,

Wintour

et al. 2002

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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“…Similarly, when piglets and lambs are cold stressed during the first day the respiratory quotient increases as heat production increases (Mount, 1969;Eales & Small, 1981, 1986. At 32-38°C the respiratory quotient in lambs is known only for the first six hours after birth (Eales & Small, 1981, 1986).…”

Section: Substrates For Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piglets: Gentz et al (1970a, b); Mount (1959Mount ( , 1969; . Lambs: Alexander (1962a-c); Andrews, Mercer, Ryan & Szekely (1973); , 1986McCutcheon et al (1983).…”

Section: Use and Limitations Of Source Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest rate recorded in infants is about 19 kJ/h per kilogram at air temperatures of 15°C (Adamsons, Gandy & James, 1965) and compares with maxima of about 43 kJ/h per kilogram in piglets at 4°C (Mount, 1959) and about 66 kJ/h per kilogram in lambs with wet fleeces at 4°C (Alexander, 1962a;McCutcheon et al 1983). It should be noted that near maximum rates of heat production cannot be sustained for long periods because of rapid depletion of energy reserves (see below) or the development of a metabolic acidosis which inhibits metabolism (Alexander, 1979;, 1986.…”

Section: Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In unfed new-borns the respiratory quotient is usually higher immediately after birth than subsequently (Table 1) and is about 0 06 to 0 10 higher in normal than in growth retarded or preterm infants (Senterre & Karlberg, 1970), the higher respiratory quotients indicating a greater dependence on carbohydrate. Similarly, when piglets and lambs are cold stressed during the first day the respiratory quotient increases as heat production increases (Mount, 1969;Eales & Small, 1981, 1986. At 32-38°C the respiratory quotient in lambs is known only for the first six hours after birth (Eales & Small, 1981, 1986.…”

Section: Substrates For Heat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Energy Metabolism in the New‐born Infant, Piglet and Lamb

1986

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Characteristics of energy metabolism in the new‐born infant, piglet and lamb have been compared quantitatively in order to assess how the constraints imposed by the availabilities of energy substrates in body reserves and colostrum differ between species and affect the new‐born's well being during the first day after birth. Three air temperature ranges, described as thermoneutral (32‐38 °C), moderate (18‐26 °C) and cold (0‐10 °C) and representing the usual birth environments of infants, piglets and lambs, respectively, have been considered. The analysis revealed the following noteworthy points. Carbohydrate and lipid are the major energy substrates for heat production because protein catabolism is minimal during the first day after birth in all three species. The availability of carbohydrate determines how long the new‐born can avoid hypoglycaemia, which threatens well being because it leads to hypothermia or compromised cerebral function, but lipid availability can affect the periods for which the carbohydrate can last. Thus, in unfed piglets and lambs the available reserves of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen (g/kg body weight) are similar in normal (n.) and growth retarded (g.r.) individuals, but glycogen exhaustion occurs earlier in g.r. new‐borns because a reduced lipid availability in them increases their dependence on carbohydrate. In contrast, lipid energy is plentiful in g.r., preterm (p.) and n. infants, so that the faster depletion of glycogen in g.r./p. than in n. individuals is primarily due to a restricted prenatal glycogen deposition in the former. The usual colostrum intakes of n. infants are very low during the first day, but their body reserves can supply the required energy, the major source of carbohydrate being liver glycogen. However, g.r./p. infants require supplementary feeding, the choice of feed being determined by factors such as the intakes the infants can achieve, the carbohydrate content of the feed and the need to ensure a balanced supply of minerals, electrolytes and other substances. In their usual birth environments piglets and lambs, whether growth retarded or not, require colostrum to avoid hypothermia during the first day. The colostrum of both species is rich in lipid, which corrects any deficit in the new‐born and thus extends the availability of glycogen, but at the usual colostrum intakes the amounts of lactose can provide sufficient carbohydrate energy for only about half a day. Piglets and lambs, even when fed fully, are therefore obliged to call on their body glycogen reserves in order to make up the difference. After the first day in all three species milk must rapidly become the only source of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. It is suggested that despite differences between them, the piglet or lamb could prove to be useful animal models of the infant's metabolism, but only if the experimental conditions are chosen carefully.

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Integration of perinatal events, pathophysiological changes and consequences for the newborn lamb

Mellor

1988

British Veterinary Journal

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Plasma hormone concentrations in newborn Scottish Blackface lambs during basal and summit metabolism

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Blood pressure, heart rate, hormonal and other acute responses to rubber-ring castration and tail docking of lambs

Blood pressure, heart rate, hormonal and other acute responses to rubber-ring castration and tail docking of lambs

A Comparison of Energy Metabolism in the New‐born Infant, Piglet and Lamb

Integration of perinatal events, pathophysiological changes and consequences for the newborn lamb

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