Plasma heating effects in catalyzed growth of carbon nanofibres

Denysenko, I.; Ostrikov, Kostya Ken

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/42/1/015208

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Table 1 summarizes the different mechanistic growth models published in recent years, indicating the processes included in each model, the reactor type (CVD or PE-CVD) and the simulation method. From this overview it is clear that the mechanistic models can be divided into three groups from simulation point of view, i.e., kinetic models [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99], multiphysics, multiphase integrated models [100][101][102][103] and kinetic Monte Carlo (MC) models [104][105][106][107]. Puretzky and co-workers [92] presented a kinetic model for the CVD-based growth of vertically aligned nanotube arrays (VANTAs) from C 2 H 2 , based on in situ measurements.…”

Section: (B) Cnts and Related Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model by Denysenko and Ostrikov [97,98] for the PECVD of CNFs also accounts for adsorption and desorption of C 2 H 2 and H, surface and bulk diffusion, incorporation into a graphene sheet, as well as ion-and radical-assisted processes on the catalyst surface that are unique to a plasma environment. It is shown that plasma ions play a key role in the carbon precursor dissociation and surface diffusion, enabling a low-temperature growth of carbon nanostructures.…”

Section: (B) Cnts and Related Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is shown that plasma ions play a key role in the carbon precursor dissociation and surface diffusion, enabling a low-temperature growth of carbon nanostructures. In [98], the plasma heating effects were considered. The authors found that the calculated growth rates were in better agreement with the available experimental data than the results without heating effects.…”

Section: (B) Cnts and Related Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer modelling of the plasma chemistry and plasma-based growth mechanisms for nanostructured materials

Bogaerts¹,

Eckert²,

Mao³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In this review paper, an overview is given of different modeling efforts for plasmas used for the formation and growth of nanostructured materials. This includes both the plasma chemistry, providing information on the precursors for nanostructure formation, as well as the growth processes itself. We limit ourselves to carbon (and silicon) nanostructures. Examples of the plasma modeling comprise nanoparticle formation in silane and hydrocarbon plasmas, as well as the plasma chemistry giving rise to carbon nanostructure formation, such as (ultra)nanocrystalline diamond ((U)NCD) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The second part of the paper deals with the simulation of the (plasma-based) growth mechanisms of the same carbon nanostructures, i.e., (U)NCD and CNTs, both by mechanistic modeling and detailed atomistic simulations. IntroductionLow temperature plasmas are playing an increasingly important role for the formation and growth of nanostructures and nanostructured materials (e.g., [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]). To improve the performance of these plasma growth processes, a good insight is desired in the plasma and in the interaction with the growing nanostructures. This insight can be obtained by experimental research, but the latter is not always straightforward, in view of the small dimensions of the nanomaterials and the possible disturbance of the plasma characteristics, e.g., when introducing a probe. Therefore, computer simulations can be very useful to assist in the experimental developments.In the present paper, we will give an overview of different modeling efforts that have been presented in the literature for plasmas used for nanostructure formation. This includes two different aspects. First, a thorough understanding of the plasma behavior is needed. This comprises background gas flow and heating (i.e., fluid dynamics), gas breakdown, transport and heating of the electrons and the so-called heavy particles, as well as the plasma chemistry, i.e., creation and destruction of the various plasma species by chemical reactions. Modeling of the plasma chemistry can give indications on which species are important precursors for the growth of nanostructured materials and how the plasma operating conditions can be tuned to optimize the growth process. Therefore, in this paper we will mainly focus on the plasma chemistry modeling. Several plasma modeling approaches exist in literature, such as analytical models, zero-dimensional (0D) chemical kinetics simulations, fluid models (describing the chemical kinetics as well as fluid dynamics), solving the Boltzmann transport equation, Monte Carlo (MC) and particle-in-cell (PIC)-MC simulations, as well as hybrid methods, combining the above (e.g., MC + fluid) models. For describing the plasma chemistry, the 0D chemical kinetics approach is often applied, as it can take into account a large number of different species and reactions without too much computational effort. However, it assumes a spatially uniform plasma composition and does not consider transport of the plasm...

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Section: (B) Cnts and Related Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B) Cnts and Related Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B) Cnts and Related Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Computer modelling of the plasma chemistry and plasma-based growth mechanisms for nanostructured materials

Bogaerts¹,

Eckert²,

Mao³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous works have been done to highlights the role of temperature on the growth of CNTs. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Han et al 8 have demonstrated that as the growth temperature increases, the average diameter of CNTs increased from 40 to 110 nm and the growth rate was enhanced from 2 to 15 lm/h. Baratunde et al 9 have shown that as the growth temperature was decreased, the associated decrease in CNT density and average CNT diameter resulted in an increased thermal resistance at the interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical modeling of temperature dependent catalyst-assisted growth of conical carbon nanotube tip by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process

Tewari

Sharma

2015

Physics of Plasmas

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A theoretical model has been developed to examine the effect of substrate temperature on the growth of the conical carbon nanotube (CNT) tip assisted by the catalyst in a reactive plasma. The growth rate of the CNT with conical tip because of diffusion and accretion of ions on catalyst nanoparticle including the charging rate of the CNT, kinetics of plasma species, and the evolution of the substrate temperature in reactive plasma has been taken into account. The effect of substrate temperature for different ion densities and temperatures on the growth of the conical CNT tip has been investigated for typical glow discharge plasma parameters. The results of the present model can serve as a major tool in better understanding of plasma heating effects on the growth of CNTs. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.

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“…The effects of catalyst, growth temperature, and the density of participating species, etc., have been extensively studied. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Sodha et al 1 in their theoretical model, have investigated the growth of embryonic dust particles in a complex plasma and found that the radius of the embryonic dust grains decreases with the number density of dust particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plasma parameters on growth and field emission of electrons from cylindrical metallic carbon nanotube surfaces

Sharma¹,

Tewari²

2011

Physics of Plasmas

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The effect of plasma parameters (e.g., electron density and temperature, ion density and temperature, neutral atom density, and temperature) on the growth (without a catalyst), structure, and field emission of electrons from a cylindrical metallic carbon nanotube (CNT) surfaces has been theoretically investigated. A theoretical model of charge neutrality, including the kinetics of electrons, positively charged ions, and neutral atoms, and the energy balance of the various species in plasma, has been developed. Numerical calculations of the radius of the cylindrical CNT for different CNT number densities and plasma parameters have been carried out for the typical glow discharge plasma parameters. It is found that, on increasing the CNT number density and plasma parameters, the radius of cylindrical CNT decreases and consequently, the field emission factor for the metallic cylindrical CNT surfaces increase.

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Plasma heating effects in catalyzed growth of carbon nanofibres

Cited by 46 publications

References 56 publications

Computer modelling of the plasma chemistry and plasma-based growth mechanisms for nanostructured materials

Computer modelling of the plasma chemistry and plasma-based growth mechanisms for nanostructured materials

Theoretical modeling of temperature dependent catalyst-assisted growth of conical carbon nanotube tip by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process

Effect of plasma parameters on growth and field emission of electrons from cylindrical metallic carbon nanotube surfaces

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