Plasma Glutathione and Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Probability

Charisis, Sokratis; Ntanasi, Eva; Stamelou, María; Xiromerisiou, Georgia; Maraki, Maria I.; Veskoukis, Aristidis S.; Yannakoulia, Mary; Kosmidis, Mary H.; Anastasiou, Costas A.; Giagkou, Nikolaos; Dardiotis, Efthimios; Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M.; Sakka, Paraskevi; Kouretas, Demetrios; Stefanis, Leonidas; Scarmeas, Nikolaos

doi:10.1002/mds.28826

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The lower baseline plasma GSH levels were reported to be associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD. 244,245 In addition, the body's antioxidant system also faces the loss of enzyme activity in GSH synthesis, which is crucial to the antioxidant response. As an important antioxidant enzyme, GPX4 conducts its biological activity by converting two molecules of GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) along with reducing phospholipid hydroperoxides (PL-OOH) to phospholipid hydroxides (PL-OH), to prevent the accumulation of lipid peroxides, which is toxic.…”

Section: Reduction Of Gsh: the Collapse Of Antioxidant Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases

Long

Zhu

Wei

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Brain iron homeostasis is maintained through the normal function of blood–brain barrier and iron regulation at the systemic and cellular levels, which is fundamental to normal brain function. Excess iron can catalyze the generation of free radicals through Fenton reactions due to its dual redox state, thus causing oxidative stress. Numerous evidence has indicated brain diseases, especially stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, are closely related to the mechanism of iron homeostasis imbalance in the brain. For one thing, brain diseases promote brain iron accumulation. For another, iron accumulation amplifies damage to the nervous system and exacerbates patients’ outcomes. In addition, iron accumulation triggers ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron‐dependent type of programmed cell death, which is closely related to neurodegeneration and has received wide attention in recent years. In this context, we outline the mechanism of a normal brain iron metabolism and focus on the current mechanism of the iron homeostasis imbalance in stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Meanwhile, we also discuss the mechanism of ferroptosis and simultaneously enumerate the newly discovered drugs for iron chelators and ferroptosis inhibitors.

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Section: Reduction Of Gsh: the Collapse Of Antioxidant Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, normal GSH content is essential for the maintenance of the cellular antioxidant system. The lower baseline plasma GSH levels were reported to be associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD 244,245 …”

Section: Ferroptosis: the Ending Of Iron Overloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases

Long

Zhu

Wei

et al. 2023

MedComm

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“…It is an important antioxidant that traps free radicals and thus effectively protects cells from oxidative stress [57] . Besides, changes in GSH levels have been linked to a variety of human diseases, including liver damage, [58] lung disease, [59] Parkinson's disease, [60] AIDS, [61] and cancer [62] . Thus, monitoring the levels of GSH in cells and in vivo is important.…”

Section: Biomedical Application Of Organic Afterglow Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Afterglow Nanoparticles in Bioapplications

Shen

Liao

et al. 2023

Chemistry A European J

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Organic afterglow nanoparticles are unique optical materials that emit light long after cessation of excitation. Due to their advantages of no need for real-time light excitation, avoiding autofluorescence, low imaging background, high signal-to-background ratio, deep tissue penetration, and high sensitivity, afterglow imaging technology has been widely used in cell tracking, biosensing, cancer diagnosis, and cancer therapy, which provides an effective technical method for the acquisition of molecular information with high sensitivity, specificity and real-time at the cellular and living level. In this review, we summarize and illustrate the recent progress of organic afterglow imaging, focusing on the mechanism of organic afterglow materials and their biological application. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential challenges and the further directions of this field.

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“…A blood-based DNA methylation study showed cg06690548 hypermethylation on chromosome 4 in patients with PD, is associated with downregulation of the SLC7A11 gene that codes for xCT (Vallerga and others 2020). Reduction in plasma glutathione is an early indicator of PD (Charisis and others 2022). Moreover, the 6-OHDA model of PD, in vivo and in vitro, showed GSH depletion and iron accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) (Sun and others 2020).…”

Section: Ferroptosis In Neurological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroptosis in Neurological Disease

et al. 2022

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Iron accumulation in the CNS occurs in many neurological disorders. It can contribute to neuropathology as iron is a redox-active metal that can generate free radicals. The reasons for the iron buildup in these conditions are varied and depend on which aspects of iron influx, efflux, or sequestration that help maintain iron homeostasis are dysregulated. Iron was shown recently to induce cell death and damage via lipid peroxidation under conditions in which there is deficient glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense. This form of cell death is called ferroptosis. Iron chelation has had limited success in the treatment of neurological disease. There is therefore much interest in ferroptosis as it potentially offers new drugs that could be more effective in reducing iron-mediated lipid peroxidation within the lipid-rich environment of the CNS. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that induce ferroptosis. We also address how iron enters and leaves the CNS, as well as the evidence for ferroptosis in several neurological disorders. Finally, we highlight biomarkers of ferroptosis and potential therapeutic strategies.

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Plasma Glutathione and Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Probability

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases

Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases

Organic Afterglow Nanoparticles in Bioapplications

Ferroptosis in Neurological Disease

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