Plasma fatty acid concentrations in Boxers and Doberman Pinschers

Smith, Caren E.; Freeman, Lisa M.; Meurs, Kathryn M.; Lamb, Allison

doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.2.195

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One study compared the results of an in‐house ECG with that of a Holter examination in Boxer dogs and found that the ECG is an insensitive but very specific test to predict Holter results 18 . Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in Boxers and cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers have similar disease progression, but they are different diseases, and the diagnostic value of a 5‐minute ECG might be different in the different disorders 27–34 . However, the present study was able to show that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values are almost identical in the ability to predict >100 VPCs/24 hours in Boxers and in Doberman Pinschers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Ability of a 5-Minute Electrocardiography (ECG) for Predicting Arrhythmias in Doberman Pinschers with Cardiomyopathy in Comparison with a 24-Hour Ambulatory ECG

Wess

Schulze

Geraghty

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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Background: Ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) are common in the occult stage of cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. Although the gold standard for detecting arrhythmia is the 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography (ECG) (Holter), this method is more expensive, time-consuming and often not as readily available as common ECG.Objectives: Comparison of 5-minute ECGs with Holter examinations. Animals: Eight hundred and seventy-five 5-minute ECGs and Holter examinations of 431 Doberman Pinschers. Methods: Each examination included a 5-minute ECG and Holter examination. A cut-off value of 4100 VPCs/24 hours using Holter was considered diagnostic for the presence of cardiomyopathy. Statistical evaluation included calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.Results: Holter examinations revealed 4100 VPCs/24 hours in 204/875 examinations. At least 1 VPC during a 5-minute ECG was detected in 131 (64.2%) of these 204 examinations. No VPCs were found in the 5-minute ECG in 73 (35.8%) examinations of affected Doberman Pinschers. A 5-minute ECG with at least 1 VPC as cut-off had a sensitivity of 64.2%, a specificity of 96.7%, a positive predictive value of 85.6% and a negative predictive value of 89.9% for the presence of 4100 VPCs/24 hours.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A 5-minute ECG is a rather insensitive method for detecting arrhythmias in Doberman Pinschers. However, the occurrence of at least 1 VPC in 5 minutes strongly warrants further examination of the dog, because specificity (96.7%) and positive predictive value (85.6%) are high and could suggest occult cardiomyopathy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Ability of a 5-Minute Electrocardiography (ECG) for Predicting Arrhythmias in Doberman Pinschers with Cardiomyopathy in Comparison with a 24-Hour Ambulatory ECG

Wess

Schulze

Geraghty

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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“…One study of dogs with heart failure secondary to DCM showed that 8 weeks of fish oil supplementation normalised these plasma fatty acid abnormalities (Freeman and others 1998). Another canine study showed multiple differences in plasma fatty acids between Boxers and Doberman pinschers (Smith and others 2008). For example, Boxers had higher plasma concentrations of γ‐linolenic acid but lower concentrations of arachidonic acid and total omega‐6 fatty acids compared with Doberman pinschers (Smith and others 2008).…”

Section: Effects Of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids In Cardiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another canine study showed multiple differences in plasma fatty acids between Boxers and Doberman pinschers (Smith and others 2008). For example, Boxers had higher plasma concentrations of γ‐linolenic acid but lower concentrations of arachidonic acid and total omega‐6 fatty acids compared with Doberman pinschers (Smith and others 2008).…”

Section: Effects Of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids In Cardiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As this study was conducted only in Boxers, further research is needed to determine whether these effects are consistent in a larger population of dogs and also in dogs of other breeds. As previously mentioned, Boxers and Doberman pinschers have some differences in plasma fatty acids and may have different relationships between arrhythmias and fatty acid concentrations (Smith and others 2008). Despite positive results, the effects of omega‐3 fatty acids on arrhythmias appear to be modest and omega‐3 fatty acids should only be viewed as an adjunct to medical therapy for dogs with significant arrhythmias.…”

Section: Effects Of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids In Cardiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease

Freeman

2010

J of Small Animal Practice

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There is a large body of evidence supporting beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiac disease in people. However, evidence is increasing for the use of omega‐3 fatty acids in dogs with cardiac disease as well. Omega‐3 fatty acids’ anti‐inflammatory and anti‐arrhythmic effects may be beneficial in managing the loss of lean body mass and arrhythmias that are common in heart failure. However, omega‐3 fatty acids also may have positive effects on myocardial energy metabolism, endothelial function, heart rate and blood pressure, and immune function. Additional research is needed to determine optimal indications, doses and formulations for dogs and cats with cardiac disease.

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“…The antemortem diagnosis commonly is based on the presence of an arbitrary number of ventricular premature complexes (VPC) in a 24‐hour Holter recording. Many cutoff values have been proposed for the number of VPC/24 h to differentiate between affected and nonaffected individuals (eg, 50, 100, 1,000). Syncope is one of the most common clinical signs in affected Boxers, but syncope also can be associated with other conditions such as aortic stenosis or neurally mediated syncope …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Value of 24‐Hour AmbulatoryECG(Holter) Monitoring in Boxer Dogs

Mõtsküla

Linney

Palermo

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Boxer dogs are reported to be predisposed to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), but the natural history has not been well characterized and inconsistent diagnostic criteria have been applied to identify affected dogs. Echocardiographic examination findings are unremarkable in many affected Boxer dogs, and in these dogs, 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter) monitoring often is used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, despite limited information available relating Holter findings to outcome.Hypothesis/Objectives: Boxers with complex ventricular arrhythmias at initial presentation will have shorter survival times. The objective was to investigate the prognostic value of Holter monitoring in Boxer dogs.Animals: One hundred and twenty-two Boxer dogs seen at 3 university referral hospitals. Methods: Retrospective study. Survival times were obtained for Boxer dogs evaluated by echocardiography and a 24-hour Holter ECG. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the median survival time and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with cardiac mortality.Results: Outcome data were obtained for 122/163 dogs meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the 70 dogs that had died, 45 were considered to have suffered cardiac-related deaths. Median survival was significantly longer in dogs with a left ventricular systolic diameter (LVIDs) 35 mm compared with those with LVIDs > 35 mm (P < .001). Multivariable analysis in dogs with LVIDs 35 mm showed that the presence of ventricular tachycardia, age >4.5 years, and male sex were independent predictors of cardiac mortality.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Holter monitoring in Boxer dogs provides valuable prognostic information.

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Plasma fatty acid concentrations in Boxers and Doberman Pinschers

Abstract: Data suggested that plasma fatty acid concentrations may differ between Boxers and Doberman Pinschers and that the relationship between fatty acid concentrations and VPCs may be different between these 2 breeds.

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Ability of a 5-Minute Electrocardiography (ECG) for Predicting Arrhythmias in Doberman Pinschers with Cardiomyopathy in Comparison with a 24-Hour Ambulatory ECG

Ability of a 5-Minute Electrocardiography (ECG) for Predicting Arrhythmias in Doberman Pinschers with Cardiomyopathy in Comparison with a 24-Hour Ambulatory ECG

Beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease

Prognostic Value of 24‐Hour AmbulatoryECG(Holter) Monitoring in Boxer Dogs

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