Plasma Factors for the Differentiation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Diffused Large B Cell Lymphoma and for Monitoring Remission

Abstract

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most frequent cancers occurring at a young age. Although diagnosis of HL is not difficult, a minimally invasive method to diagnose HL, and a radiationfree method to confirm the remission status are highly desired. Methods: In this study, we employed cutting-edge Luminex technology to evaluate 67 soluble plasma proteins for their suitability for diagnosis and for confirming remission of classical HL (cHL). Results: Soluble cluster of differentiation (CD)30 and CC motif chemokine ligand (CCL)22 were identified to be capable of differentiating cHL patients from healthy donors and from patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a disease that shares many characteristics with cHL. Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)2 was found to be lower in the remission than in the initial diagnosis cohort of cHL patients, and also to be lower in plasmas at remission than in plasmas at initial diagnosis from the same patients. In DLBCL plasmas, concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, soluble IL-2 receptor and IL-31 changed in patients upon entering remission. Conclusions: Measurement of these factors may: 1) provide a minimally-invasive method to diagnose and differentiate HL and DLBCL, and 2) make it possible to monitor the remission status of these patients without use of radiation-based imaging.

Interleukin-31 as a Clinical Target for Pruritus Treatment

“…However, of note, chronic prurigo has also been reported in cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (60), and a study in HL patients demonstrated elevated IL-31 in HL cells and in the immune cells infiltrating affected lymph nodes (61). Another recent study showed that plasma concentrations of IL-31 decreased in HL patients entering remission (62); taken together, these findings suggest that IL-31 may contribute to immune suppression in HL, and may indicate a similar role in CTCL.…”

The role of trogocytosis in immune surveillance of Hodgkin lymphoma

“…40,41 HL patients do not have higher plasma levels of sCD137 at diagnosis, though sCD137 slightly decreases after HL remission. 42 Instead, HL uses another strategy to suppress CD137 L-CD137 interaction between APCs and T cells, i.e. trogocytosis.…”

“…The soluble form of CD30 is also highly elevated in cHL plasma, suggesting a diagnostic potential for cHL. 42 When crosslinked by CD30 ligand (CD30L), CD30 can recruit TNFR-associated factors (TRAF) and TRAF-binding proteins, leading to NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. 65 Although controversial results on the responsiveness of HRS cell lines to CD30 stimulation exist, 65 several groups reported the contribution of CD30 to the constitutive NF-κB activation and advantages in growth and survival for HRS cells.…”

Transcriptome Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Inducibly Expressing MyD88 L265P Mutation Identifies Upregulated CD44, LGALS3, NFKBIZ, and BATF as Downstream Targets of Oncogenic NF-κB Signaling

“…Several studies have demonstrated CCL22 involvement in maintaining a suppressive tumor microenvironment, and the development and progression of cancer, including lymphoma [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. In DLBCL, CCL22 has been described in the gene enrichment signature [ 83 , 96 ]. However, the exact roles and molecular functions of ELL2, CYP1A1, RAB29, AKAP6, BCAS3, LRRC32, and CCL22 in lymphomagenesis are not fully understood.…”