Plasma Exosome-Derived SENP1 May Be a Potential Prognostic Predictor for Melanoma

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate plasma exosome-derived SUMO-specific protease (SENP)1 levels and assess their prognostic value in melanoma.Patients and MethodsWe extracted exosomes from the plasma of 126 melanoma patients, and identified them with transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting. The plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels of melanoma patients and healthy controls were detected with ELISA.ResultsPlasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels in melanoma patients were significantly upregulated than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels in melanoma patients with tumor size >10 cm, located in the mucosa or viscera, with Clark level IV/V, with lymph node metastasis, and TNM stages IIb–IV were significantly higher than in patients in with tumor size <10 cm, located in the skin, with Clark level I–III, without lymph node metastasis, and TNM stages IIb–IV (all P < 0.05). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were worse in melanoma patients who had higher plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels than lower plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels (both P < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of plasma exosome-derived SENP1 for predicting 3-year DFS of melanoma patients was 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74–0.88], with a sensitivity of 81.2% (95% CI: 69.9–89.6%) and specificity of 75.4% (95% CI: 62.2–85.9%). The AUROC of plasma exosome-derived SENP1 for predicting 3-year OS of melanoma patients was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67–0.83), with a sensitivity of 95.7% (95% CI: 85.5–99.5%) and specificity of 62.0% (95% CI: 50.4–72.7%).ConclusionsMelanoma patients with higher plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels had worse DFS and OS. The plasma exosome-derived SENP1 levels may be a potential prognostic predictor for 3-year DFS and 3-year OS of melanoma.

Emerging role of SENP1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy

“…Similarly, melanoma patients with high plasma exosome-derived SENP1 level have shorter OS and DFS. SENP1 high expression represents larger tumor volume, deeper invasion extent, later pathological stage, and distant metastasis ( Hu et al, 2021 ). In bladder cancer, the level of SENP1 in urine can detect tumor recurrence ( Brems-Eskildsen et al, 2010 ).…”

Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes from various sources: Potential role in liver diseases

“…Exosomes are formed by cells through the process of "endocytosis-fusion-discharge" (Corrado et al, 2013). Exosomes have been shown to be present in plasma, urine, saliva, and ascites (Hu et al, 2021;Wen et al, 2021;Nafar et al, 2022). A range of cell types secrete exosomes, including tumor, dendritic, and stem cells (Wu et al, 2021a;Wu et al, 2021b;Lyu et al, 2021;Shao et al, 2021).…”

Early Detection and Investigation of Extracellular Vesicles Biomarkers in Breast Cancer

“…EVs are normally distinguished into three main classes: microvesicles produced through outward budding and fission of the plasma membrane, exosomes derived from endosomes and fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, and apoptotic bodies released as blebs from apoptosis undergoing cells ( Wu et al, 2019 ). Importantly, EVs are the most attractive targets for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications, especially because they are enriched in a large batch of body fluids such as breast milk ( Shah et al, 2021 ), blood plasma ( Hu H. et al, 2021 ), saliva ( Hoshino, 2021 ), urine, serum ( Salvi et al, 2021 ), and cerebrospinal fluid ( López-Pérez et al, 2021 ), becoming an excellent source of potential biomarkers. All cell types are expected to secrete EVs, but their main functions remain to be fully understood.…”