Plasma Endothelin 1 Levels during Asphyxia in the Fetal Goat

Takada, Hidekazu; Yoneyama, Yoshio; Power, Gordon G.; Araki, Tsutomu

doi:10.1159/000291966

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The nding of elevated ET-1 plasma levels in these neonates could con rm a pathogenetic role of perinatal asphyxia as a potent trigger for ET-1 synthesis and secretion, as reported by Isozaki-Fukuda et al (5). It has been reported that ET-1 in the foetal circulation is involved in the regulation of the circulation in response to changes in acid-base balance related to foetal hypoxia, and there are experimental data showing that increased endothelin-1 levels may contribute to the maintenance of the foetal circulation during foetal asphyxia (6). In other neonatal diseases, such as persistent pulmonary hypertension, ET-1 levels correlate with the severity of the illness, with a progressive decrease upon clinical improvement (7) but, at present, there are no similar data in cases of neonatal asphyxia.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

Cord blood endothelin-1 and perinatal asphyxia

Laforgia¹,

Difonzo²,

Altomare³

et al. 2001

Acta Paediatrica

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supporting

confidence: 62%

Cord blood endothelin-1 and perinatal asphyxia

Laforgia¹,

Difonzo²,

Altomare³

et al. 2001

Acta Paediatrica

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“…As peripheral organs reperfuse during bradycardia, blood pressure starts to fall below saline control values (8,25). The partial loss of peripheral vasoconstriction and progressive hypotension is offset by an increase in stroke volume (25), and the release of humoral factors such as catecholamines, cortisol, and endothelin-1, which partially sustain vascular tone (28,31,47,56,63,68). Our data show there is no sex-dependent effect of MgSO 4 treatment on the progressive loss of the ability to sustain blood pressure during the secondary phase of the adaptation to asphyxia, and support previous observations showing no overall effect of MgSO 4 on the pattern of the fetal cardiovascular adaptation during the secondary phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium sulfate and sex differences in cardiovascular and neural adaptations during normoxia and asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep

Galinsky

Dhillon

Lear

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Magnesium sulfate (MgSO) is recommended for preterm neuroprotection, preeclampsia, and preterm labor prophylaxis. There is an important, unmet need to carefully test clinical interventions in both sexes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate cardiovascular and neurophysiological adaptations to MgSO during normoxia and asphyxia in preterm male and female fetal sheep. Fetuses were instrumented at 98 ± 1 days of gestation (term = 147 days). At 104 days, unanesthetized fetuses were randomly assigned to intravenous MgSO ( n = 12 female, 10 male) or saline ( n = 13 female, 10 male). At 105 days fetuses underwent umbilical cord occlusion for up to 25 min. Occlusions were stopped early if mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) fell below 8 mmHg or asystole occurred for >20 s. During normoxia, MgSO was associated with similar reductions in fetal heart rate (FHR), EEG power, and movement in both sexes ( P < 0.05 vs. saline controls) and suppression of α- and β-spectral band power in males ( P < 0.05 vs. saline controls). During occlusion, similar FHR and MAP responses occurred in MgSO-treated males and females compared with saline controls. Recovery of FHR and MAP after release of occlusion was more prolonged in MgSO-treated males ( P < 0.05 vs. saline controls). During and after occlusion, EEG power was lower in MgSO-treated females ( P < 0.05 vs. saline controls). In conclusion, MgSO infusion was associated with subtle sex-specific effects on EEG spectral power and cardiac responses to asphyxia in utero, possibly reflecting sex-specific differences in interneuronal connectivity and regulation of cardiac output.

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“…The intense bradycardia observed in the current study, and other rapid cardiovascular responses such as the peripheral vasoconstriction observed by others (Giussani et al 1997), induced by cord occlusion is likely to be mediated via a combination of chemoreceptor and baroreceptor stimulation, as well as via a stimulation of cardiac mechanoreceptors following a decrease in venous return to the fetal heart (Siassi et al 1979; Itskovitz et al 1983). In addition, umbilical cord occlusion stimulates a number of hormone responses, including production of adenosine (Kubonoya & Power, 1997), ACTH/cortisol (Unno et al 1997; Green et al 2000), catecholamines (Lewis et al 1984) and endothelin‐1 (Takada et al 1996), which are implicated in fetal cardiovascular control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of cardiovascular responses to repetitive umbilical cord occlusion in the late gestation ovine fetus

Green

Kawagoe

Homan

et al. 2001

The Journal of Physiology

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The impact of repeated umbilical cord occlusion on the normal maturation of fetal heart rate (FHR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the cardiovascular responses to successive umbilical cord occlusion was investigated over a 21 day period in the latter part of gestation. Fifteen chronically instrumented sheep (control group n = 6; occlusion group n = 9) were studied for 21 days (113‐133 days of gestation, term = 145 days) with umbilical cord occlusions (90 s duration) performed every 30 min for 1‐4 h each day. On days 1, 9 and 18, FHR, FHR variation and MAP were monitored continuously and fetal arterial blood gases, pH and metabolites were measured at predetermined intervals. The baroreflex response to 75‐100 μg phenylephrine (i.v.) was tested on days 1 and 18. Basal FHR decreased (ΔFHR: control, 34.6 ± 3.6 beats min−1; occlusion, 36.9 ± 2.7 beats min−1) and MAP increased (ΔMAP: control, 3.1 ± 1.7 mmHg; occlusion, 5.2 ± 2.1 mmHg) to a similar extent in control and occlusion groups between days 1 and 21 of the study. There was a small decline in FHR variation over the 21 day study in occlusion, but not control, group fetuses. The magnitude of the fall in FHR decreased and the rise in MAP increased, despite similar changes in blood gases in response to umbilical cord occlusion, over the course of the 21 day study. Despite a significant decline in the ratio of ΔFHR to ΔMAP on days 9 and 18 compared to day 1, there was no difference between control and occlusion groups in baroreflex sensitivity. However ΔFHR/ΔPO2, an index of chemoreceptor sensitivity, had decreased by day 9 and 18 compared to day 1. The cardiovascular responses to umbilical cord occlusion are altered with repetitive occlusions during the latter part of gestation, with a decrease in ΔFHR/ΔMAP, which does not involve changes in baroreflex sensitivity, but may involve changes in chemoreceptor sensitivity. However, repeated umbilical cord occlusion appears to have no impact on baseline cardiovascular control since there was no change in the normal maturational decrease in FHR and rise in MAP.

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Plasma Endothelin 1 Levels during Asphyxia in the Fetal Goat

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Cord blood endothelin-1 and perinatal asphyxia

Cord blood endothelin-1 and perinatal asphyxia

Magnesium sulfate and sex differences in cardiovascular and neural adaptations during normoxia and asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep

Adaptation of cardiovascular responses to repetitive umbilical cord occlusion in the late gestation ovine fetus

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