Plasma Electrolytic Carburising of Metals and Alloys

Белкин, П. Н.; Кусманов, С. А.

doi:10.3103/s1068375521010038

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Under these conditions, the surface morphology will be determined by the structural features of the oxide layers-pores (after PEB) and areas with traces of the detachment of the fragile oxidized material (after PEC at high temperatures) are visually observed. Similar morphological features were observed after the PEN [27,41], PEB [42,43] and PEC [36,37] of carbon steels, which determine the general mechanism of the processes of the high-temperature oxidation and the anodic dissolution of the surfaces of carbon and high-alloy steels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…During PEC, when quenching with the formation of martensite or the consolidation of the crystal lattice is possible, due to the presence of carbon diffusion at a greater depth than nitrogen, the surface layer hardens up to 80 µm (Figure 14). According to this mechanism, the hardening of low-carbon unalloyed steels is possible during anodic PEC [36,37] and PENC [39,40,44]. The results of PEB clearly showed that the absence of inclusion compounds in the surface layer does not lead to an increase in microhardness (Figure 13), while the PEB of medium carbon steel (0.45 wt.% C) makes it possible to harden the surface to 1800 HV [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…After PEB, surface hardening does not occur (Figure 13). After PEC, the microhardness increases with the rise in saturation tem ilarly to during the carburizing of carbon steels [36,37], reaching 700 HV, an of the hardened layer correlates with the thickness of the modified and (Figure 14). After PEC, the microhardness increases with the rise in saturation temperature, similarly to during the carburizing of carbon steels [36,37], reaching 700 HV, and the thickness of the hardened layer correlates with the thickness of the modified and diffused layers (Figure 14).…”

Section: 13 X For Peer Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…After PEC, the microhardness increases with the rise in saturation tem ilarly to during the carburizing of carbon steels [36,37], reaching 700 HV, an of the hardened layer correlates with the thickness of the modified and (Figure 14). After PEC, the microhardness increases with the rise in saturation temperature, similarly to during the carburizing of carbon steels [36,37], reaching 700 HV, and the thickness of the hardened layer correlates with the thickness of the modified and diffused layers (Figure 14). After PEC, the microhardness increases with the rise in saturation te ilarly to during the carburizing of carbon steels [36,37], reaching 700 HV, a of the hardened layer correlates with the thickness of the modified and (Figure 14).…”

Section: 13 X For Peer Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Increasing Hardness and Wear Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Surface by Anodic Plasma Electrolytic Treatment

Кусманов

Mukhacheva

Tambovskiy

et al. 2023

Metals

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The results of modifying the surface of austenitic stainless steel by anodic plasma electrolytic treatment are presented. Surface treatment was carried out in aqueous electrolytes based on ammonium chloride (10%) with the addition of ammonia (5%) as a source of nitrogen (for nitriding), boric acid (3%) as a source of boron (for boriding) or glycerin (10%) as a carbon source (for carburizing). Morphology, surface roughness, phase composition and microhardness of the diffusion layers in addition to the tribological properties were studied. The influence of physicochemical processes during the anodic treatment of the features of the formation of the modified surface and its operational properties are shown. The study revealed the smoothing of irregularities and the reduction in surface roughness during anodic plasma electrolytic treatment due to electrochemical dissolution. An increase in the hardness of the nitrided layers to 1450 HV with a thickness of up to 20–25 μm was found due to the formation of iron nitrides and iron-chromium carbides with a 3.7-fold decrease in roughness accompanied by an increase in wear resistance by 2 orders. The carburizing of the steel surface leads to a smaller increase in hardness (up to 700 HV) but a greater thickness of the hardened layer (up to 80 μm) due to the formation of chromium carbides and a solid solution of carbon. The roughness and wear resistance of the carburized surface change are approximately the same values as after nitriding. As a result of the boriding of the austenitic stainless steel, there is no hardening of the surface, but, at the same time, there is a decrease in roughness and an increase in wear resistance on the surface. It has been established that frictional bonds in the friction process are destroyed after all types of processing as a result of the plastic displacement of the counter body material. The type of wear can be characterized as fatigue wear with boundary friction and plastic contact. The correlation of the friction coefficient with the Kragelsky–Kombalov criterion, a generalized dimensionless criterion of surface roughness, is shown.

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