Plasma‐driven dissociation of CO<sub>2</sub> for fuel synthesis

Bongers, W.A.; Bouwmeester, Henny J.M.; Wolf, Bram; Peeters, Floran; Welzel, S.; Bekerom, Dirk van den; Harder, N. den; Goede, Albert P. H.; Graswinckel, M.F.; Groen, P. W. C.; Kopecki, J.; Leins, Martina; Rooij, G.J. van; Schulz, Andreas; Walker, M.; Sanden, M.C.M. van de

doi:10.1002/ppap.201600126

Cited by 168 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For pure CO 2 splitting, the thermale quilibrium dissociation limit lies at approximately 60 %e nergy efficiency,a nd the same target is assumed for the dry reforming of methane. [62][63][64] At the same time, the energy efficiency of water splitting by electrolysis lies in the same 60-70 %r ange. Therefore, we believe that the same 60 %e nergy efficiency should be the target for the combined process under study here.…”

Section: Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 93%

The Quest for Value‐Added Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Chemical Kinetics Study

et al. 2016

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Recycling of carbon dioxide by its conversion into value-added products has gained significant interest owing to the role it can play for use in an anthropogenic carbon cycle. The combined conversion with H O could even mimic the natural photosynthesis process. An interesting gas conversion technique currently being considered in the field of CO conversion is plasma technology. To investigate whether it is also promising for this combined conversion, we performed a series of experiments and developed a chemical kinetics plasma chemistry model for a deeper understanding of the process. The main products formed were the syngas components CO and H , as well as O and H O , whereas methanol formation was only observed in the parts-per-billion to parts-per-million range. The syngas ratio, on the other hand, could easily be controlled by varying both the water content and/or energy input. On the basis of the model, which was validated with experimental results, a chemical kinetics analysis was performed, which allowed the construction and investigation of the different pathways leading to the observed experimental results and which helped to clarify these results. This approach allowed us to evaluate this technology on the basis of its underlying chemistry and to propose solutions on how to further improve the formation of value-added products by using plasma technology.

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Section: Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 93%

The Quest for Value‐Added Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Chemical Kinetics Study

et al. 2016

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“…[25,72] The excellent energy efficiencies obtained by Asisov et al and Rusanov et al,b ack in 1981 and1983, have not yet been reproduced since then. However,similar energy efficiencies as in our GAP were reached more recently with aM Wr eactor by van Rooij et al [32] and Bongers et al [33] They both obtained ah igherc onversion (i.e.,u pt o 26 %) than in our case, but again these experiments were conducted at reduced pressures of 200 mbar (0.2 atm) and 150-600 mbar (0.15-0.60 atm), respectively.I ft he pressure would be increased, the conversion and energy efficiency would again be lower,a nd the plasma would also be less stable. Moreover,t he energy cost of the pumpings ystem should also be accounted for,w hen operating atr educed pressure, and this would lower the overall energy efficiency.…”

Section: Comparison Of Our Results With Other Types Of Plasmas As Wementioning

confidence: 99%

Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Providing an Alternative Method for Carbon Dioxide Conversion

et al. 2017

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Low-temperature plasmas are gaining a lot of interest for environmental and energy applications. A large research field in these applications is the conversion of CO into chemicals and fuels. Since CO is a very stable molecule, a key performance indicator for the research on plasma-based CO conversion is the energy efficiency. Until now, the energy efficiency in atmospheric plasma reactors is quite low, and therefore we employ here a novel type of plasma reactor, the gliding arc plasmatron (GAP). This paper provides a detailed experimental and computational study of the CO conversion, as well as the energy cost and efficiency in a GAP. A comparison with thermal conversion, other plasma types and other novel CO conversion technologies is made to find out whether this novel plasma reactor can provide a significant contribution to the much-needed efficient conversion of CO . From these comparisons it becomes evident that our results are less than a factor of two away from being cost competitive and already outperform several other new technologies. Furthermore, we indicate how the performance of the GAP can still be improved by further exploiting its non-equilibrium character. Hence, it is clear that the GAP is very promising for CO conversion.

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“…Microwave (MW) plasmas are quite promising for pure CO 2 splitting, with energy efficiencies of up to 50 %a taconversion of up to 26 %; [45,46] however,t hese values are typically reached at reduced pressure, which is less convenient for industrial ap-plications,a nd the energy cost of vacuum systems would have to be added to the overall energy cost. Moreover,t he number of studies on DRM in aM Wp lasma is very limited.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Reforming of Methane in a Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Towards a Better Understanding of the Plasma Chemistry

et al. 2017

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Dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a gliding arc plasmatron is studied for different CH fractions in the mixture. The CO and CH conversions reach their highest values of approximately 18 and 10 %, respectively, at 25 % CH in the gas mixture, corresponding to an overall energy cost of 10 kJ L (or 2.5 eV per molecule) and an energy efficiency of 66 %. CO and H are the major products, with the formation of smaller fractions of C H (x=2, 4, or 6) compounds and H O. A chemical kinetics model is used to investigate the underlying chemical processes. The calculated CO and CH conversion and the energy efficiency are in good agreement with the experimental data. The model calculations reveal that the reaction of CO (mainly at vibrationally excited levels) with H radicals is mainly responsible for the CO conversion, especially at higher CH fractions in the mixture, which explains why the CO conversion increases with increasing CH fraction. The main process responsible for CH conversion is the reaction with OH radicals. The excellent energy efficiency can be explained by the non-equilibrium character of the plasma, in which the electrons mainly activate the gas molecules, and by the important role of the vibrational kinetics of CO . The results demonstrate that a gliding arc plasmatron is very promising for DRM.

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Plasma‐driven dissociation of CO₂ for fuel synthesis

Cited by 168 publications

References 16 publications

The Quest for Value‐Added Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Chemical Kinetics Study

The Quest for Value‐Added Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Chemical Kinetics Study

Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Providing an Alternative Method for Carbon Dioxide Conversion

Dry Reforming of Methane in a Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Towards a Better Understanding of the Plasma Chemistry

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Plasma‐driven dissociation of CO2 for fuel synthesis

Cited by 168 publications

References 16 publications

The Quest for Value‐Added Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Chemical Kinetics Study

The Quest for Value‐Added Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Chemical Kinetics Study

Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Providing an Alternative Method for Carbon Dioxide Conversion

Dry Reforming of Methane in a Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Towards a Better Understanding of the Plasma Chemistry

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Plasma‐driven dissociation of CO₂ for fuel synthesis