Plasma-Diazepam Levels Following Intramuscular Injection by Nurses and Doctors

Dundee, J. W.; Gamble, J. A. S.; Assaf, R. A. E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90130-5

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Suppositories are of limited value in emergency treatment, the therapeutic plasma concentration not being reached until after about 20 minutes (Knudsen, 1977). The anticonvulsant effect of diazepam administered IM can be unreliable because of unpredictable absorption (Dundee et al, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectal administration of diazepam in solution in the acute treatment of convulsions in infants and children.

Knudsen¹

1979

Archives of Disease in Childhood

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectal administration of diazepam in solution in the acute treatment of convulsions in infants and children.

Knudsen¹

1979

Archives of Disease in Childhood

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, in this study diazepam was applied by long needle (21 gauges, 40 mm) in the outer upper quadrant of the buttock by which it was avoided fat tissues thus it was expected to reach maximal concentrations after 0.30-1.30 hours [20-22]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and hypertension increase the placental and transcellular permeation of the lipophilic drug diazepam in pregnant women

Lalić-Popović

Paunkovic

Grujić

et al. 2013

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPrevious studies carried out in our laboratories have demonstrated impaired drug permeation in diabetic animals. In this study the permeation of diazepam (after a single dose of 5 mg/day, administered intramuscularly) will be investigated in diabetic and hypertensive pregnant women.MethodsA total 75 pregnant women were divided into three groups: group 1 (healthy control, n = 31), group 2 (diabetic, n = 14) and group 3 (hypertensive, n = 30). Two sets of diazepam plasma concentrations were collected and measured (after the administration of the same dose of diazepam), before, during and after delivery. The first set of blood samples was taken from the mother (maternal venous plasma). The second set of samples was taken from the fetus (fetal umbilical venous and arterial plasma). In order to assess the effect of diabetes and hypertension on diazepam placental-permeation, the ratios of fetal to maternal blood concentrations were determined. Differences were considered statistically significant if p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe diabetes and hypertension groups have 2-fold increase in the fetal umbilical-venous concentrations, compared to the maternal venous concentrations. Feto: maternal plasma-concentrations ratios were higher in diabetes (2.01 ± 1.10) and hypertension (2.26 ± 1.23) groups compared with control (1.30 ± 0.48) while, there was no difference in ratios between the diabetes and hypertension groups. Umbilical-cord arterial: venous ratios (within each group) were similar among all groups (control: 0.97 ± 0.32; hypertension: 1.08 ± 0.60 and diabetes: 1.02 ± 0.77).ConclusionsOn line with our previous findings which demonstrate disturbed transcellular trafficking of lipophilic drugs in diabetes, this study shows significant increase in diazepam placental-permeation in diabetic and hypertensive pregnant women suggesting poor transcellular control of drug permeation and flux, and bigger exposure of the fetus to drug-placental transport.

show abstract

“…The intramuscular (i.m.) route, which is frequently used in such settings, is not suitable for administration of DZ for termination of acute seizures and SE, since it results in incomplete and erratic absorption [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of lorazepam in children with severe malaria and convulsions

Muchohi

Kokwaro

Ogutu

et al. 2007

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Lorazepam (LZP) may be a more useful anticonvulsant to stop convulsions in children with severe malaria (SM) than diazepam, since it has a longer duration of action and can be given by other routes, such as intramuscular (i.m. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Administration of LZP (i.v. or i.m.) at the currently recommended dose (0.1 mg kg -1 ) resulted in rapid achievement of plasma LZP concentrations within the reported effective therapeutic range without clinically significant cardiorespiratory effects.• A single dose of LZP was effective in the rapid termination of convulsions in all children, and prevention of seizure recurrence for >72 h in 11 of 15 (73%) children and 10 of 11 (91%) children after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively. AIMTo investigate the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) lorazepam (LZP) in children with severe malaria and convulsions. METHODSTwenty-six children with severe malaria and convulsions lasting Ն5 min were studied. Fifteen children were given a single dose (0.1 mg kg -1 ) of i.v. LZP and 11 received a similar i.m. dose. Blood samples were collected over 72 h for determination of plasma LZP concentrations. Plasma LZP concentration-time data were fitted using compartmental models. ) resulted in rapid achievement of plasma LZP concentrations within the reported effective therapeutic range without significant cardiorespiratory effects. I.m administration of LZP may be more practical in rural healthcare facilities in Africa, where venous access may not be feasible. RESULTS Median

show abstract

Plasma-Diazepam Levels Following Intramuscular Injection by Nurses and Doctors

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Rectal administration of diazepam in solution in the acute treatment of convulsions in infants and children.

Rectal administration of diazepam in solution in the acute treatment of convulsions in infants and children.

Diabetes and hypertension increase the placental and transcellular permeation of the lipophilic drug diazepam in pregnant women

Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of lorazepam in children with severe malaria and convulsions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About