Plasma cytokine and P‐selectin levels in advanced malignancy

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThe survival benefit described in patients with cancer treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may result from a LMWH‐mediated effect on the immune system or on the cross‐talk between platelets and tumor cells.METHODSPlasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐6, interferon (IFN)‐γ, and P‐selectin were measured in patients with advanced stage malignancy who were randomized to receive standard cancer care with or without the addition of LMWH.RESULTSPatients with IL‐6 levels above the median had a median survival of 6.5 months versus 8.8 months for those with values below this cutoff (P = 0.02). IL‐10 levels were found to be similarly correlated with survival such that IL‐10 concentrations above the detection limit of the assay were associated with a doubled risk of dying in comparison to undetectable IL‐10 (P = 0.02). No significant association was found between survival and circulating levels of IFN‐γ. For P‐selectin, patients with values below the fourth quartile had a median survival of 8.8 months versus 6.5 months for patients with levels above the fourth quartile (P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, IL‐10 remained an independent unfavorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–4.20). In patients treated with LMWH, the plasma levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, IFN‐γ, and P‐selectin demonstrated similar correlations with survival. However, none of the markers was associated with the beneficial survival effects observed with the administration of LMWH.CONCLUSIONSIL‐10, IL‐6, and P‐selectin levels predicted a poor outcome in patients with advanced stage malignancy. The prolongation in survival observed with LMWH in patients with cancer apparently cannot be explained by a LMWH effect on these circulating markers. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules and Cancer Progression

“…lung cancer [16], colorectal cancer [93] and lymphoma [94], whereas no difference in the levels of sP-selectin was found in melanoma patients [95]. Lower levels of plasma Pselectin were associated with better survival than in those who had higher levels in various types of cancer [93,96]. Consistent with some of the clinical observations, colon carcinoma growth and lung metastasis were significantly decreased in P-selectin deficient mice [97].…”

Prognostic Value of Circulating Cytokines on Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival in Cancer Patients

“…After exclusion of 271 articles according to six predefined exclusion criteria, 84 articles were identified (Figure 1). In three of the six studies, the prognostic value of a single cytokine was investigated [45][46][47] in the other three studies, two or more cytokines were analyzed [48][49][50]. Using our five selected criteria of the REMARK checklist, six unique studies were included for ana lysis (TaBle 1 & Figure 1).…”

“…In case of duplicates, the most extensive and recent report was selected [41][42][43][44]. In four out of six studies, patients were included prospectively [46,[48][49][50], and in the remaining two studies this was carried out retrospectively [45,47]. Due to the low number of these eligible studies, it was not feasible to pool results of these studies for meta-analysis.…”

“…Due to the low number of these eligible studies, it was not feasible to pool results of these studies for meta-analysis. Treatment was randomized in two of the six studies [48,50]. n Study characteristics Main characteristics of the six selected studies are summarized in TaBle 2 & SupplemenTary TaBle 1 (see online at www.futuremedicine.com/doi/ suppl/10.2217/BMM.13.122).…”

Plasma Cytokine Profiles in Subjects with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

“…Multiplexing provides data on a large number of analytes, even when the sample volumes are limited [19], [20]. In this study, we used a multiplex assay to measure a series of 48 cytokines in plasma samples from subjects with high-functioning ASD in comparison with matched control subjects.…”