Plasma Cortisol Distribution in the Pig from Birth to Six Weeks of Age

Kattesh, H. G.; Charles, Sona; Baumbach, George A.; Gillespie, B. E.

doi:10.1159/000243271

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The values described herein are higher than those reported in older animals, particularly with respect to the evening quiescent period. These high glucocorticoid concentrations in young animals are in accordance with the high values cited by other authors [13,23] in the plasma of newborn piglets. These authors, however, only sampled once per day, and the time of collection was either in the morning [23] or was not specified [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our previous preliminary observations [12] suggest that this is not the case in the piglet, but the authors were unable to find reports of circadian cortisol secretion in the piglet less than 8 weeks of age [4]. However, the perinatal decline in average daily cortisol concentration observed here is consistent with the observations made by Kattesh et al [13] in the circulation of piglets from birth to 6 weeks of age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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The Development of a Circadian Pattern of Salivary Cortisol Secretion in the Neonatal Piglet

Gallagher¹,

Giles²,

Wynn³

2002

Neonatology

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Saliva was collected from neonatal piglets in order to assess the secretory dynamics of cortisol in the newborn piglet. Saliva was collected from two litters of piglets (n = 16) from multiparous sows at 07.00, 11.00, 15.00 and 19.00 h on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26 and 30 post partum. Salivary cortisol concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Salivary cortisol concentration was high perinatally and declined with age. The frequency of escape attempts and vocalisation intensity during collection, as well as the similarity in salivary cortisol concentration on day 22 in control piglets and piglets that had provided samples repeatedly from day 0 suggested that this was not an adaptive response. A circadian pattern was evident in female pigs from day 6, whereas males displayed a similar pattern from day 10. The collection of saliva in the piglet provides a viable alternative to blood sampling for the assessment of a glucocorticoid circadian rhythm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Development of a Circadian Pattern of Salivary Cortisol Secretion in the Neonatal Piglet

Gallagher¹,

Giles²,

Wynn³

2002

Neonatology

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“…Such results are in accordance with those reported by Metzger et al (1978) who showed that piglets do not develop strong immune response to antigenic stimulations in the first few days after parturition. The reasons for this inhibition are still unclear, but the presence of immune factors contained in colostrum and early milk, stress to newborn piglets induced by parturition resulting in high concentrations of blood cortisol in the first few postnatal days, and immaturity of the immune system are all possible explanations of this lack of response in 3-d-old piglets (Tizard 1982;Hammerberg et al 1989;Kattesh et al 1990;Marshall-Clarke et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages

Lessard¹,

Taylor²,

Braithwaite³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2002. Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 519-526. In this study, growth of piglets and their humoral and cellular immune responses were used to evaluate the effect of castration at different ages. Piglets (n = 84) from 14 litters were assigned to one of the six treatments: castration or sham-castration at 3, 10 or 17 d of age. An injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was given on the day of castration and a second one 14 d later. Blood samples were taken at different times to evaluate the antibody levels against BSA and lymphocyte blastogenesis responses to concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The age of piglets at the first immunization significantly influenced (P < 0.0001) the ability to raise antibodies to the injected antigen. Three-day-old piglets developed weaker antibody response than those immunized at 10 or 17 d of age. Ten-and 17-d-old castrated piglets tended to develop weaker secondary antibody responses than sham-castrated piglets, while those castrated and sham-castrated at 3 d of age did not differ in their antibody response (interaction castration × age; P < 0.08). The fluctuation in lymphocyte blastogenesis response between days 21 and 35 was numerically greater in castrated than in shamcastrated piglets. Ratios between days 35 and 21 of PWM proliferative indexes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in piglets castrated at 10 or 17 d of age than in sham-castrated piglets. The results indicate that castration of piglets at 10 d of age or older impairs antibody response to BSA and modulates piglet lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Castration at 3 d of age had no marked effect on antibody response and lymphocyte proliferation. Thus castration appears to be less disruptive to immune response if performed at three days of age compared to 10 d of age or older. Dans cette étude, la croissance et les réponses immunitaires de type humoral et cellulaire ont été les paramètres choisis pour évaluer l'influence de l'âge des porcelets à la castration. Des porcelets provenant de 14 portées (6/portée) ont été assignés à un des groupes suivants: castré ou noncastré à l'âge de 3, 10 ou 17 jours. Une injection d'albumine bovine (BSA) a été donnée le jour de la castration et une seconde 14 jours plus tard. Des prises de sang ont été prélevées à différents temps pour évaluer la production d'anticorps contre BSA et la prolifération des lymphocytes activés avec les mitogènes concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinine (PHA) et pokeweed (PWM). L'âge des porcelets à la première immunisation a significativement influencé (P < 0.0001) leur capacité à répondre à l'antigène injecté. Les porcelets immunisés dès l'âge de trois jours ont développé une réponse anticorps secondaire contre BSA plus faible (P < 0.0001) que ceux ayant reçu une première injection à l'âge de 10 ou 17 jours. Les porcelets castrés à l'âge de 10 ou 17 jours avaient tendance à développer une réponse anticorps secondaire inférieure à celle...

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“…After rewarming for 6 h, the HT values had normalized and were not different from the NT values. The decline in cortisol seen in the NT animals is normal for pigs from d 1 to 3 (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Twenty-Four Hours of Mild Hypothermia in Unsedated Newborn Pigs Starting after a Severe Global Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult Is Not Neuroprotective

et al. 2001

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Three to 12 h of mild hypothermia (HT) starting after hypoxiaischemia is neuroprotective in piglets that are anesthetized during HT. Newborn infants suffering from neonatal encephalopathy often ventilate spontaneously and are not necessarily sedated. We aimed to test whether mild posthypoxic HT lasting 24 h was neuroprotective if the animals were not sedated. Thirty-nine piglets (median weight 1.6 kg, range 0.8 -2.2 kg; median age 24 h, range 7-48 h) were anesthetized and ventilated and subjected to a 45-min hypoxic (FiO 2~6 %) global insult (n ϭ 36) or sham hypoxia (n ϭ 3). On reoxygenation, 18 were maintained normothermic (NT, 39.0°C) for 72 h, and 21 were cooled from 39 (NT) to 35°C (HT) for the first 24 h before NT was resumed (18 experimental, three sham hypoxia). Cardiovascular parameters and intermittent EEG were documented throughout. The brain was perfusion fixed for neuropathology and five main areas examined using light microscopy. The insult severity (duration in minutes of EEG amplitude Ͻ 7V) was similar in the NT and HT groups, mean Ϯ SD (28 Ϯ 7.2 versus 27 Ϯ 8.6 min), as was the mean FiO 2 (5.9 Ϯ 0.7 versus 5.8 Ϯ 0.8%) during the insult. Six NT and seven HT piglets developed posthypoxic seizures that lasted 29 and 30% of the time, respectively. The distribution and degree of injury (0.0 -4.0, normal-maximal damage) within the brain (hippocampus, cortex/white matter, cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus) were similar in the NT and HT groups (overall score, mean Ϯ SD, 2.3 Ϯ 1.5 versus 2.4 Ϯ 1.3) as was the EEG background amplitude at 3 h (13 Ϯ 3.5 versus 10 Ϯ 3.3 V).The HT animals shivered and were more active. The sham control group (n ϭ 3) shivered but had normal physiology and neuropathology. Plasma cortisol was significantly higher in the HT group during the HT period, 766 Ϯ 277 versus 244 Ϯ 144 M at 24 h. Mild postinsult HT for 24 h was not neuroprotective in unsedated piglets and did not reduce the number of animals that developed posthypoxic seizures. Cortisol reached 3 times the NT value at the end of HT. We speculate that the stress of shivering and feeling cold interfered with the previously shown neuroprotective effect of HT. Many studies on newborn animal models show that mild HT, which starts after an HI insult, is neuroprotective (1-5). The duration of HT in these studies varies from 3 to 72 h, and the reduction in body temperature varies between 3.5 and 6°C. Some studies, however, show only a minor beneficial effect (6), or the neuroprotection is temporary and not maintained (7).

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Plasma Cortisol Distribution in the Pig from Birth to Six Weeks of Age

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

The Development of a Circadian Pattern of Salivary Cortisol Secretion in the Neonatal Piglet

The Development of a Circadian Pattern of Salivary Cortisol Secretion in the Neonatal Piglet

Humoral and cellular immune responses of piglets after castration at different ages

Twenty-Four Hours of Mild Hypothermia in Unsedated Newborn Pigs Starting after a Severe Global Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult Is Not Neuroprotective

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