Plasma cortisol, androstenedione, testosterone and luteinizing hormone in running exercise of different intensities

Kuoppasalmi, Kimmo; Näveri, H; Härkönen, Matti; Adlercreutz, Herman

doi:10.3109/00365518009101862

Cited by 163 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition, no differences in final muscle glycogen levels between All the subjects felt that the fartlek run was much less exhausting than the race. This subjective feeling of fatigue after the intense run was confirmed by hormonal analyses: serum testosterone and free testosterone concentration decreased after the intense run, which is in agreement with Dessypris et al 24 and Kuoppasalmi et al 9. Increased serum cortisol values, observed in five out of six subjects after the intense run, further indicated heavy physical strain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Carbohydrate loading in practice: high muscle glycogen concentration is not certain.

et al. 1991

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It is believed that muscle glycogen resynthesis can be stimulated by depleting the glycogen stores by heavy physical exercise and then eating a diet rich in carbohydrates. In this study, we The aim of the present study was to find out whether muscle glycogen concentrations would differ after two dissimilar carbohydrate-loading procedures, performed in field conditions. The depletion exercises for the procedures involved: a halfmarathon race and an easier fartlek. Both procedures are commonly used by marathon runners.We also investigated the extent of the physical strain caused by the two depletion runs. Changes in serum testosterone, free testosterone and cortisol concentrations are used as indicators of strain8. The rationale for measuring these hormones is that serum testosterone and free testosterone concentrations have been shown to decrease and serum cortisol concentrations to increase as a consequence of heavy physical exercise9 10. Subjects and methodsSubjects and experimental design After being informed of the experimental procedures and inherent risks, six well trained, national level, endurance runners (age 29 (±2) years, weight 66 (±2) kg, height 171 (±1) cm and training 552 (±35)km during the previous month -all figures being mean (±s.e.m.)) gave their written consent to participate in the study. Easy training, no more than 1 h per day, was allowed for the 3 days before the depletion run. The subjects performed two carbohydrate-loading procedures, but the depletion runs were different. Twenty-one days separated the two depletion runs, in order to avoid possible carry-over effects from the first procedure. Depletion and loadingIn the 'race' procedure, the depletion run involved a half-marathon road-race on relatively flat terrain. The subjects ran the distance in 74.2 (±0.5) min and their running speed was 3.5 min/km (4.8 mls), roughly equivalent to 70-80% of their Vo2, max. The race was followed by maximal 200 m spurts until voluntary exhaustion occurred (about 15 spurts). Their total running time was 95-100 min. In the 'fartlek' procedure the running course differed and it was not totally flat; the athletes' total running time was the same as for the race (95-100 min), but their mean Br J Sp Med 1991; 25(1) 41

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Carbohydrate loading in practice: high muscle glycogen concentration is not certain.

et al. 1991

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“…cortisol) hormone concentrations (Pritzlaff et al 1999, Hackney et al 2012, while prolonged and physically demanding endurance performance (e.g. a marathon run) may in its final phases lead to decreases in testosterone and simultaneous increases in cortisol concentrations (Kuoppasalmi et al 1980). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The order effect of combined endurance and strength loadings on force and hormone responses: effects of prolonged training

et al. 2014

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Running title: Training-induced responses to combined loadingsThe funding for this study has been provided by the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. 2 ABSTRACTPurpose: To examine acute responses and recovery of force and serum hormones to combined endurance and strength loadings utilizing different orders of exercises before and after training. Methods:Physically active men were matched to an order sequence of endurance+strength (E+S, n=12) or strength+endurance (S+E, n=17). The subjects performed one experimental loading consisting of steady-state cycling and a leg press protocol before and after 24 weeks of order-specific combined training. Results:No between-group difference in acute reductions of force was observed at week 0 (E+S -23%, p<0.001; S+E -22%, p<0.01) and 24 (E+S -25%, p<0.001; S+E -27%, p<0.001) and recovery in force was completed after 24h in both groups. Concentrations of growth hormone (22-kDa) increased post-acute loading at week 0 (E+S, +57 fold, p<0.05; S+E, +300 fold, p<0.001; between-groups p<0.001) and 24 (E+S, +80 fold, p<0.01; S+E, +340 fold, p<0.05; between-groups p<0.05). No significant acute responses in concentrations of testosterone were observed at week 0 or 24. However, at week 0 testosterone was reduced during recovery following the E+S loading only (24h -23%, p<0.01; 48h -21%, p<0.001; between-groups at 24h and 48h, p<0.05), but was no longer observed after training. 1RM strength improved similarly in E+S (13%, p<0.001) and S+E (17%, p<0.001).Conclusions: This study showed an order effect (E+S vs. S+E) in concentrations of testosterone during 2 days of recovery at week 0, which was diminished after training at week 24. This initial difference in testosterone concentrations during recovery did not seem to be associated with strength development.

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“…Dulac et al found that cortisol concentrations in blood were significantly increased during long-distance swimming in cold water 98) . Serum cortisol level increases in response to exercise at moderated altitude [99][100][101] . Guilland et al observed increased urinary excretion of cortisol during mountaineering between 4,800 and 7,100 m…”

Section: Environmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle, stress and cortisol response: Review II

Fukuda

Morimoto

2001

Environ Health Prev Med

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To prevent lifestyle related diseases, it is important to modify lifestyle behavior. The control of mental stress level and prevention of mental stress-related diseases have become one of the most important problems in Japan. To check mental stress level objectively during the early stage of stress-related diseases and determine appropriate coping methods, it is necessary to design a useful index for mental stress. Cortisol is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. This is an essential hormone to human survival, and plays a key role in adaptation to stress. In another review, we concluded that cortisol appears to be an adequate index for mental stress.However, lifestyle factors such as alcohol drinking, smoking, lack of exercise etc., are strongly associated with mental stress. Thus, in this review, we focus on the relationship between cortisol and lifestyle.The present findings suggested that lifestyle factors; smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, sleep and nutrition are strongly associated with cortisol levels, and it may be impossible to determine whether alterations in cortisol levels are due to mental stress.It was suggested that those lifestyle effects on not only mental stress itself but also cortisol levels should be considered, when assessing mental stress by cortisol levels.

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Plasma cortisol, androstenedione, testosterone and luteinizing hormone in running exercise of different intensities

Cited by 163 publications

References 18 publications

Carbohydrate loading in practice: high muscle glycogen concentration is not certain.

Carbohydrate loading in practice: high muscle glycogen concentration is not certain.

The order effect of combined endurance and strength loadings on force and hormone responses: effects of prolonged training

Lifestyle, stress and cortisol response: Review II

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