Plasma corticosterone levels during repeated presentation of two intensities of restraint stress: Chronic stress and habituation

Pitman, David; Ottenweller, John E.; Natelson, Benjamin H.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90097-2

Cited by 256 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

112

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The difference in our results and others could also be due to the nature of the stressor used or the duration of exposure (Pitman et al 1988). In the present study odour/sound 'detector' mice were kept in the room for approximately 2 h, while the other mice were being tail bled and killed in the same room and so it may be possible for detector mice to adapt, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Corticosterone, adrenal and spleen weight in mice after tail bleeding, and its effect on nearby animals

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryExperiments were performed in mice to study if stress was involved in tail bleeding and to investigate any transmittable signal at killing. A second study looked at the time taken to recover from stress elicited by these procedures. Corticosterone levels were significantly higher.in mice immediately after the completion of tail bleeding than in control mice (P<0.05) suggesting that tail bleeding in mice was stressful. This study did not show any evidence for an odour or sound being released during killing or tail bleeding as there was no significant effect on corticosterone levels in mice present in the same room at the time these procedures were carried out. Corticosterone levels in mice killed on days I, 3, and 7 after tail bleeding were significantly lower (P

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Corticosterone, adrenal and spleen weight in mice after tail bleeding, and its effect on nearby animals

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Animal studies of stress commonly cite corticosterone as a key indicator of stress level and have shown that subjecting mice to chronic mild stress or chronic stress often results in elevations of corticosterone level (49,50). In the present work, we used an established noninvasive method in which we measured fecal corticosterone metabolites from each mouse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Calm Mouse: An Animal Model of Stress Reduction

Gurfein

Stamm

Bacchetti

et al. 2012

Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic stress is associated with negative health outcomes and is linked with neuroendocrine changes, deleterious effects on innate and adaptive immunity, and central nervous system neuropathology. Although stress management is commonly advocated clinically, there is insufficient mechanistic understanding of how decreasing stress affects disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we have developed a "calm mouse model" with caging enhancements designed to reduce murine stress. Male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control (Cntl), standard caging; calm (Calm), large caging to reduce animal density, a cardboard nest box for shelter, paper nesting material to promote innate nesting behavior, and a polycarbonate tube to mimic tunneling; control exercise (Cntl Ex), standard caging with a running wheel, known to reduce stress; and calm exercise (Calm Ex), calm caging with a running wheel. Calm, Cntl Ex and Calm Ex animals exhibited significantly less corticosterone production than Cntl animals. We also observed changes in spleen mass, and in vitro splenocyte studies demonstrated that Calm Ex animals had innate and adaptive immune responses that were more sensitive to acute handling stress than those in Cntl. Calm animals gained greater body mass than Cntl, although they had similar food intake, and we also observed changes in body composition, using magnetic resonance imaging. Together, our results suggest that the Calm mouse model represents a promising approach to studying the biological effects of stress reduction in the context of health and in conjunction with existing disease models.

show abstract

“…In rats, subcutaneous injection involving rm but gentle manual restraint is accompanied by an increase in heart rate and body temperature which typically persists for more than one hour (Harkin et al 2002). Passively witnessing the restraint of another conspeci c can be enough to trigger stress reactions in nonrestrained animals (Fuchs et al 1987, Pitman et al 1988, Sharp et al 2002b.…”

Section: Restraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common husbandry-related variables in biomedical research with animals

Reinhardt

2004

Lab Anim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A good management program provides the environment, housing, and care that . . . minimizes variations that can affect research' (National Research Council 1996). It would be naïve to rely on data collected from an animal who experiences depression and frustration resulting from an inability to show species-typical behaviours, or who experiences discomfort, pain, fear, anxiety and mental distress resulting from enforced bodily restraint. These experiences are re ected in the animal's physiological, psychological and behavioural responses to a test or to an experiment.The responses, however, differ from individual to individual because the experience itself is subjective. It is, at the least, questionable to do reliable 'scienti c' research under such methodological conditions because the data collected are bound to be in uenced by unaccounted-for extraneous variables such as distress, fear, anxiety, discomfort, depression and boredom. Sound scienti c methodology requires that research data should not be in uenced by uncontrolled variables and that the results can be replicated by other laboratories. 'Unless these requirements are met, an experiment is not considered scienti cally valid' (American Medical Association 1992).

show abstract

Plasma corticosterone levels during repeated presentation of two intensities of restraint stress: Chronic stress and habituation

Cited by 256 publications

References 22 publications

Corticosterone, adrenal and spleen weight in mice after tail bleeding, and its effect on nearby animals

Corticosterone, adrenal and spleen weight in mice after tail bleeding, and its effect on nearby animals

The Calm Mouse: An Animal Model of Stress Reduction

Common husbandry-related variables in biomedical research with animals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About