Plasma Chemokines in Early Wheezers Predict the Development of Allergic Asthma

Immune maturation and modulation in childhood allergies : Aspects of epigenetic, mucosal and systemic immune mediators in allergy development and prevention

“…113 This is in agreement with findings from children who wheezed at age three, and later developed allergic asthma at age six, where the plasma levels of CXCL10 were augmented. 114 A large number of other studies corroborate these results in asthmatic individuals, showing increased concentrations of either or both of the two Th1-associated chemokines in tissues such as nasal T Figure 4. A summarising outline of the production and effects of allergy-related cytokines and chemokines.…”

“…Chemokines are important regulators of immune cell recruitment 36 , and a number of chemokines have been related to the development of allergic diseases, such as CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, CXCL10 and CXCL11. [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120]124,125 The study of these chemokines in the natural course of allergy development has, however, not been previously performed in a larger population of children. Hence, the circulating levels of the above-mentioned allergy-related chemokines were measured in blood samples from children included in an observational birth cohort.…”

Identification of infants and preschool children at risk for asthma

“…Using specific cut-off levels for each cytokine, elevated OR for allergic asthma were found for all three mediators (higher than 6.0) [32]. While a disease of the airways, biomarkers in the peripheral circulation, including allergen-specific IgE and eosinophil counts, and more recently plasma cytokine levels, are consistent biomarkers for the identification of infants and preschool children at high risk for asthma.…”

“…Several plasma cytokines levels were prospectively evaluated as predictors of allergic asthma in a group of 39 early wheezers followed from 3 to 6 years of age [32]. Three inflammatory plasma mediators were significantly elevated in allergic asthmatic patients when compared with those without allergic asthma: interferon (IFN)-g-induced protein 10 (IP-10 -CXCL10), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC -CCL17), and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC -CCL22).…”

Respiratory allergies in childhood: Recent advances and future challenges

“…Recent research has focused on identifying objective biomarkers, which can be helpful in early detection of subjects at risk of asthma development as well as in asthma management, from the diagnosis to follow‐up, and in treatment tailoring . Among blood biomarkers, some chemokines, such as interferon‐induced protein 10, thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine, and macrophage‐derived chemokine, represent a promising novelty in the research field . Increased plasma levels of these chemokines have been demonstrated only in wheezers at 3 years of age who later developed allergic asthma, but not in transient wheezers.…”