Plasma catalytic reforming of methane

Bromberg, L.; Cohn, D.R.; Rabinovich, A.; Alexeev, N.

doi:10.2172/305623

Cited by 39 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…In the case of plasma reforming, the network of reforming reactions is the same as that in conventional reforming. However, energy and free radicals used for the reforming reaction are provided by plasma typically generated with electricity or heat [32][33][34][35]. When water or steam is injected with the fuel, H…”

Section: Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Production Technologies: Current State and Future Developments

Kalamaras

Efstathiou

2013

Conference Papers in Energy

309

177

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Hydrogen (H2) is currently used mainly in the chemical industry for the production of ammonia and methanol. Nevertheless, in the near future, hydrogen is expected to become a significant fuel that will largely contribute to the quality of atmospheric air. Hydrogen as a chemical element (H) is the most widespread one on the earth and as molecular dihydrogen (H2) can be obtained from a number of sources both renewable and nonrenewable by various processes. Hydrogen global production has so far been dominated by fossil fuels, with the most significant contemporary technologies being the steam reforming of hydrocarbons (e.g., natural gas). Pure hydrogen is also produced by electrolysis of water, an energy demanding process. This work reviews the current technologies used for hydrogen (H2) production from both fossil and renewable biomass resources, including reforming (steam, partial oxidation, autothermal, plasma, and aqueous phase) and pyrolysis. In addition, other methods for generating hydrogen (e.g., electrolysis of water) and purification methods, such as desulfurization and water-gas shift reactions are discussed.

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Section: Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…∘ C) with a high degree of control using electricity [32][33][34][35]. The heat generated is independent of reaction chemistry, and optimal operating conditions can be maintained over a wide range of feed rates and gas compositions.…”

Section: Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production Technologies: Current State and Future Developments

Kalamaras

Efstathiou

2013

Conference Papers in Energy

309

177

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“…It was suggested that the methods of heat insulation, heat regeneration and improved plasma catalysis could reduce the energy loss and improve methane conversion efficiency (Bromberg et al, 1999b). The utilization of phase change material (PCM) for heat-recovery was experimentally studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Heat Recycling for Fuel Reforming

Horng¹,

Lai²

2012

Mechanical Engineering

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“…Direct conversion of methane using various plasma processing technologies has been studied for many years with significantly more attention since the 1980's. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Several types of discharges, including AC and DC corona discharges, dielectric-barrier discharge, arc plasma and the combination of microwave plasma and catalysts have been reported to produce acetylene, ethylene, hydrogen, methanol, and other liquid products. [18][19][20][21][22] The direct conversion of methane into acetylene in a thermal arc plasma, developed by Hüls, 20 has been used for more than 40 years by Dupont.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 This process has also been used for hydrogen production. 22 However, thermal plasmas are a highly energetic state of matter characterized by extremely high temperatures 20,[23][24][25][26] and a high degree of ionization resulting in the need for specialized materials of construction. High temperature plasma processes typically exhibit low energy efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Composite Hydrogen-Permeable Membranes for Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors for the Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide

Argyle¹,

Ackerman²,

Muknahallipatna³

et al. 2004

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The goal of this experimental project is to design and fabricate a reactor and membrane test cell to dissociate hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in a non-thermal plasma and recover hydrogen (H 2 ) through a superpermeable multi-layer membrane. Superpermeability of hydrogen atoms (H) has been reported by some researchers using membranes made of Group V transition metals (niobium, tantalum, vanadium, and their alloys), although it has yet to be confirmed in this study. Experiments involving methane conversion reactions were conducted with a preliminary pulsed corona discharge reactor design in order to test and improve the reactor and membrane designs using a non-toxic reactant.This report details the direct methane conversion experiments to produce hydrogen, acetylene, and higher hydrocarbons utilizing a co-axial cylinder (CAC) corona discharge reactor, pulsed with a thyratron switch. The reactor was designed to accommodate relatively high flow rates (655×10 -6 m 3 /s) representing a pilot scale easily converted to commercial scale. Parameters expected to influence methane conversion including pulse frequency, charge voltage, capacitance, residence time, and electrode material were investigated. Conversion, selectivity and energy consumption were measured or estimated. C 2 and C 3 hydrocarbon products were analyzed with a residual gas analyzer (RGA). In order to obtain quantitative results, the complex sample spectra were de-convoluted via a linear least squares method. Methane conversion as high as 51% was achieved. The products are typically 50% -60% acetylene, 20% propane, 10% ethane and ethylene, and 5% propylene. First Law thermodynamic energy efficiencies for the system (electrical and reactor) were estimated to range from 38% to 6%, with the highest efficiencies occurring at short residence time and low power input (low specific energy) where conversion is the lowest (less than 5%). The highest methane conversion of 51% occurred at a residence time of 18.8 s with a flow rate of 39.4×10 -6 m 3 /s (5 ft 3 /h) and a specific energy of 13,000 J/l using niobium and platinum coated stainless steel tubes as cathodes. Under these conditions, the First Law efficiency for the system was 8%. Under similar reaction conditions, methane conversions were ~50% higher with niobium and platinum coated stainless steel cathodes than with a stainless steel cathode.

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Plasma catalytic reforming of methane

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrogen Production Technologies: Current State and Future Developments

Hydrogen Production Technologies: Current State and Future Developments

Waste Heat Recycling for Fuel Reforming

Novel Composite Hydrogen-Permeable Membranes for Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors for the Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide

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