Plasma-based Fluorine Ion Implantation into Dental Materials for Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion

Abstract

The aims of this study were to evaluate the fluorine depth profiles of pure titanium (Ti) , stainless steel (SUS) , and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)modified by plasma-based fluorine ion implantation and the effects of fluorine ion implantation on contact angle, fluoride ion release, and S. mutans adhesion. Fluorine-based gases used were Ar＋F 2 and CF 4 . By means of SIMS, it was found that the peak count of PMMA was the lowest while that of Ti was the highest. Then, up to one minute after Ar sputtering, the presence of fluorine and chromic fluoride could be detected by XPS in the surface and subsurface layer. As for the effects of using CF 4 gas for fluorine ion implantation into SUS substrate, the results were: contact angle was significantly increased; no fluoride ion release was detected; antibacterial activity was significantly increased while initial adhesion was decreased. These findings thus indicated that plasma-based fluorine ion implantation into SUS with CF 4 gas provided surface antibacterial activity which was useful in inhibiting bacterial adhesion.

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of PMMAs Implanted Fluorine and/or Silver Ions by Plasma-Based Ion Implantation with Argon

“…However, corrosion of titanium by anti-carious agents containing fluoride has been reported [ 25 ]. Additionally, it was observed that the surface of titanium plate became discolored and corroded after plasma-based fluorine ion implantation in our previous study [ 14 ]. Therefore, titanium can only be implanted with Ag; thus, in the present study, the effectiveness of only Ag ion implantation is additionally examined to determine the applicability of this method to various materials in the future.…”

“…In PBII, even a three-dimensional sample having a complex shape can be implanted ions into the surface with good compatibility and uniformity without beam scanning or special target manipulation. In our previous work, an approach to induce antimicrobial properties on a PMMA surface by modifying the material surface using the PBII method was proposed [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and it was demonstrated that fluorine (F) and silver (Ag) ion implantation inhibited the growth of general bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), on the PMMA surface [ 16 ]. However, how this method affects oral microorganisms was not verified.…”

Advanced surface treatment techniques counteract biofilm-associated infections on dental implants

“…As stated previously, zirconium, silicon and fluorine enriched layer formed during the sandblasting and the reaction with HNO 3 /HF solution. It has been clearly demonstrated in recent years that zirconium [53], silicon [54] and fluorine [55] incorporated surfaces that can have strong anti-bacterial and anti-infection effects on biofilm development on implant surfaces and improve the biological capability. Fluoride has been known for its bactericidal effect by the disruption in metabolism because of the inhibition of bacterial enzymes and membrane function [55,56].…”

“…It has been clearly demonstrated in recent years that zirconium [53], silicon [54] and fluorine [55] incorporated surfaces that can have strong anti-bacterial and anti-infection effects on biofilm development on implant surfaces and improve the biological capability. Fluoride has been known for its bactericidal effect by the disruption in metabolism because of the inhibition of bacterial enzymes and membrane function [55,56]. Recently, silicon and fluoride ions have been reported to enhance the incorporation of newly formed collagen into the bone matrix and increase the rate of seeding of apatite crystals [57,58].…”

“…Recently, silicon and fluoride ions have been reported to enhance the incorporation of newly formed collagen into the bone matrix and increase the rate of seeding of apatite crystals [57,58]. Nurhaerani et al [55] found that plasma-based fluorine ion implantation into stainless steel provided surface anti-bacterial and antiinfection activities and reduced the attachment of S. mutans bacterium. The results of percentage change of two micro-organisms in different surface treated samples compared with Sample S, as seen in table 3.…”