Plasma-based accelerator diagnostics based upon longitudinal interferometry with ultrashort optical pulses

Siders, C. W.; Blanc, Sylvie; Babine, A.; Stepanov, A. N.; Sergeev, A. M.; Tajima, T.; Downer, M. C.

doi:10.1109/27.509994

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…time delay) terms ofthe spectral phase -exactly those terms we'd like to be sensitive to. It has been profitably used to, among other things [15][16][17][18][19], time resolve Langmuir oscillations in plasmas [3,4] and measure expansion velocities of laser-excited surfaces [20]. A heterodyne technique, SI uses two temporally separated pulses collinearly input to a spectrometer so that they will interfere in the frequency domain:…”

Section: E2(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fringes obtained in a basic SI experiment [3]. TADPOLE is especially useful for measuring the phase distortion impressed upon an extremely weak, clean probe pulse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TADPOLE is especially useful for measuring the phase distortion impressed upon an extremely weak, clean probe pulse. This phase distortion is encoded in the SI data in the form of a frequency-domain hologram [3], so interpretation of TADPOLE data is dependent upon post-processing and does not present an immediate or visually intuitive measurement. Moreover, as we shall show, it is not well suited for intense short-pulse pump, weak probe experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG

Siders¹,

Taylor²

2000

Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating: The Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses

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By now you're well aware that in just ten years the measurement of ultrashort light pulses has advanced from practically impossible to nearly indispensable. FROG and related techniques see daily use in labs around the world. Moreover, FROG's self-consistency checks have firmly established it as the gold standard of pulse measurement. In addition, a rarely touted feature of FROG is that it is a type of ultrafast BOXCAR integrator, gating only the pulse and not undesired cw backgrounds. Indeed, if your goal is to characterize a pulse, FROG is undoubtedly the right choice.However, if your aim is to characterize the interaction of a light pulse with something else, e.g., in a pump-probe experiment where you want to time-resolve the optical properties of a laser-excited material, then FROG (or any other self-gating technique) may actually be a poor choice. For example, imagine placing in a beam a I-cm thick piece of fused silica, which only negligibly distorts a 30-fs 800-nm pulse. As a result, the FROG trace of this pulse will be unaltered. However, relative to propagation in air, the pulse is delayed by some 15 ps in time and nearly 6000 wavelengths in phase! Because FROG doesn't measure the zeroth-and first-order spectral phase terms, it doesn't see these effects. Usually this is desirable, but occasionally it isn't. Spectral interferometry (SI) does see these terms, but SI signals are often obscured due to SI's inability to gate a weak signal out from a cw background. As we shall show in this chapter, one can combine the advantages of both FROG and SI by using what we call Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG, or MI-FROG. Before delving into the details of MI-FROG, let's first look at some of the available techniques for materials studies, namely the inter-related techniques of spectral blue-shifting [I], spectral interferometry (SI [2-4]), and FROG [5], and its variants TREEFROG [6] and TADPOLE [7]). Each of these has been successfully used to extract from spectral power density measurements details of ultrafast phase distortions. The first two of these techniques, being linearoptical effects, are powerful tools for measuring constant (or "DC") and slowly varying time-domain phase distortions with extremely high, milliradian, sensitivity. On the other hand, the optically nonlinear FROG accurately recovers only nonlinear variations in spectral phase of an optical pulse and is oblivious to DC and slowly varying terms. Thus FROG provides a complementary diagnostic, yielding only the higher-order phase distortions. One way to combine the advantages of FROG and SI, called TADPOLE [7] and discussed in the previous two chapters, utilizes the time-domain intensity and phase extracted from a standard FROG apparatus to fully deconvolve the frequency-domain

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Section: E2(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fringes obtained in a basic SI experiment [3]. TADPOLE is especially useful for measuring the phase distortion impressed upon an extremely weak, clean probe pulse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG

Siders¹,

Taylor²

2000

Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating: The Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses

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“…Following the successful demonstration of Fourier domain interferometry techniques for measuring laser wakefields in uniform plasmas [33,34], the University of Texas Austin group is now developing techniques for studying laser propagation in channels, using femtosecond pump-probe techniques [17]. This permits detection of subtle changes in laser mode distortion, as well as measurement of residual un-ionized plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Laser Driven Accelerator R&D

Leemans

2004

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Current activities (last few years) at different laboratories, towards the development of a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) are reviewed, followed by a more in depth discussion of results obtained at the L'OASIS laboratory of LBNL. Recent results on laser guiding of relativistically intense beams in preformed plasma channels are discussed. The observation of mono-energetic beams in the 100 MeV energy range, produced by a channel guided LWFA at LBNL, is described and compared to results obtained in the unguided case at LOA, RAL and LBNL. Analysis, aided by particle-in-cell simulations, as well as experiments with various plasma lengths and densities, indicate that tailoring the length of the accelerator has a very beneficial impact on the electron energy distribution. Progress on laser triggered injection is reviewed. Results are presented on measurements of bunch duration and emittance of the accelerated electron beams, that indicate the possibility of generating femtosecond duration electron bunches. Future challenges and plans towards the development of a 1 GeV LWFA module are discussed.

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“…The phase shift ç experienced by the laser pulse in the wakefield is determined by using the same ray-tracing trajectories and writing: ç probe घz;tङ = Z z 0 kघz;tङdz , Z t 0 !घz;tङdt (4) where kघz;tङ and !घz;tङ are the wavenumber and frequency along the ray-tracing trajectory. We can then determine the total phase shift relative to a pulse propagating in an unmodulated plasma ࣽçघz;tङ = ç probe घz;tङ , ç ref घz;tङ (5) For the laser wakefield scaling, we used the expressions for the laser wakefield excitation in the linear nonrelativistic two-dimensional (2D) limit resonant regime [8,9,10]. For simplicity, we have decided to analyze, in all the simulations, only the trajectories along the laser wakefield axis (1D simulations).…”

Section: Ray-tracing Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon acceleration as the laser wakefield diagnostic for future plasma accelerators

Dias

Lopes²,

Figueira³

et al.

Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)

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In the near future, laser-plasma particle accelerators will be able to sustain electric fields in excess of 100 GeV/m, along plasma channels several Rayleigh lengths long. For these extreme conditions, present day laser wakefield diagnostics such as Frequency Domain Interferometry will not be able to resolve the wake field structure and determine the magnitude of the electric field. In this paper, we present a detailed comparison between frequency-domain interferometry and a photon acceleration based wake field diagnostic. We determine the experimental parameters for which photon acceleration becomes the only viable diagnostic technique. Dispersion effects on the probe beam and the implications of an arbitrary phase velocity of the plasma wave are discussed for both diagnostic techniques. We also propose an experimental set-up for a photon acceleration diagnostic allowing for the simultaneous measurement of the electric field structure and the laser wake field phase velocity. Comparison with results from photon acceleration experiments by ionization fronts will also be presented.

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Plasma-based accelerator diagnostics based upon longitudinal interferometry with ultrashort optical pulses

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG

Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG

Advances in Laser Driven Accelerator R&D

Photon acceleration as the laser wakefield diagnostic for future plasma accelerators

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