Plasma‐Assisted Synthesis of Silicon Nanocrystal Inks

Mangolini, Lorenzo; Kortshagen, Uwe R.

doi:10.1002/adma.200700595

Cited by 208 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, the IL is possible to be used as a flexible substrate for synthesizing SiQDs in low-pressure plasma, since the Si sputtering [269,270], and the decomposition of Si-containing gas or liquid precursors [271][272][273][274][275][276] are feasible.…”

Section: Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

Chen¹,

Li²,

Li³

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

290

225

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Over the past decades, a new branch of plasma research, the nanomaterial (NM) synthesis by plasma-liquid interactions (PLIs), is rapidly rising, mainly due to the recently developed various plasma sources operated from low to atmospheric pressures. The PLIs provide novel plasma-liquid interfaces where many physical and chemical processes take place. By exploiting these physical and chemical processes, various NMs ranging from noble metal nanoparticles to graphene nanosheets can be easily synthesized. The currently rapid development and increasingly wide utilization of the PLI method naturally lead to an urgent requirement for presenting a general review. This paper reviews the current status of research on plasma-liquid 2 interactions for nanomaterial syntheses. Focus is on the comprehensive understanding of the synthesis process and perceptive opinions on the present issues and future challenges in this subject.

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Section: Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

Chen¹,

Li²,

Li³

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

290

225

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“…However, the indirect bandgap character of silicon results in the extremely low light emission efficiency. Recently, silicon quantum dots with photoluminescence quantum yields of over 60% have been demonstrated for organically capped silicon nanocrystals, with emission in the near-infrared range [31,32]. Other big challenges in making biocompatible SiQDs include the instability of their photoluminescence due to their fast oxidation rate in aqueous environments, and the difficulties involved in attaching hydrophilic molecules to the SiQD surface [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biosensing

2009

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Fluorescence-based detection is the most common method utilized in biosensing because of its high sensitivity, simplicity, and diversity. In the era of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are starting to replace traditional organic dyes as detection labels because they offer superior optical properties, such as brighter fluorescence, wider selections of excitation and emission wavelengths, higher photostability, etc. Their size-or shape-controllable optical characteristics also facilitate the selection of diverse probes for higher assay throughput. Furthermore, the nanostructure can provide a solid support for sensing assays with multiple probe molecules attached to each nanostructure, simplifying assay design and increasing the labeling ratio for higher sensitivity. The current review summarizes the applications of nanomaterialsincluding quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles-in biosensing using detection techniques such as fluorescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence lifetime measurement, and multiphoton microscopy. The advantages nanomaterials bring to the field of biosensing are discussed. The review also points out the importance of analytical separations in the preparation of nanomaterials with fine optical and physical properties for biosensing. In conclusion, nanotechnology provides a great opportunity to analytical chemists to develop better sensing strategies, but also relies on modern analytical techniques to pave its way to practical applications.Keywords Nanomaterials . Quantum dots . Gold nanoparticle . Silica nanoparticle . Fluorescence . FRET . Biosensing OverviewSensitive detection of target analytes present at trace levels in biological samples often requires the labeling of reporter molecules with fluorescent dyes, because fluorescence detection is by far the dominant detection method in the field of sensing technology, due to its simplicity, the convenience of transducing the optical signal, the availability of organic dyes with diverse spectral properties, and the rapid advances made in optical imaging. However, it can be difficult to obtain a low detection limit in fluorescence detection due to the limited extinction coefficients or quantum yields of organic dyes and the low dye-toreporter molecule labeling ratio. The recent explosion of nanotechnology, leading to the development of materials with submicron-sized dimensions and unique optical properties, has opened up new horizons for fluorescence detection. Nanomaterials can be made from both inorganic and organic materials and are less than 100 nm in length

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Experimentally, free-standing Si QDs have been synthesized in either liquid phase or gas phase. [24][25][26][27][28] Gas-phase doping of P and B in these free-standing Si QDs with at least partial hydrogen coverage of their surface has also been achieved by introducing dopant precursors (diborane and phosphine) into the plasma. 29 Although the doping in bulk Si have been widely studied before, as the size of the semiconductor approaches nano dimensions, the doping properties could be very different from those in the bulk system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical trend of the formation energies of the group-III and group-V dopants in Si quantum dots

Wei

2013

Phys. Rev. B

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Doping behavior in quantum dots (QDs) differs from that in the bulk. Despite many efforts, the doping properties are still not fully understood. Using first-principles methods, we have calculated the formation energies of various group-III acceptors and group-V donors doping at all non-equivalent sites in a Si QD (Si147H100). To analyze the trend of the formation energy, we decompose it into two terms: the unrelaxed formation energy (chemical energy) and the relaxation energy. We find that the unrelaxed formation energy generally increases as the dopant moves from the center of the QD to the surface. The variation of the unrelaxed formation energy in the surface region is explained by the variation of the local potential of the QD and the size effect. The relaxation energy gain increases as the size mismatch between the dopant and Si atom increases. Generally, the relaxation effect becomes more significant as the dopant moves toward the surface of the QD. The trend of the formation energy is determined by the two terms discussed above. If the size mismatch between the dopant and Si atom is small, the trend of the formation energy generally follows that of the unrelaxed formation energy, increasing as the dopant moves from the center to the surface; thus, these dopants have a better chance of staying in the core region. On the other hand, if the size mismatch is large, the relaxation effect dominates and the formation energy decreases, which indicates these dopants cannot enter the core region under equilibrium growth conditions.

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Plasma‐Assisted Synthesis of Silicon Nanocrystal Inks

Cited by 208 publications

References 28 publications

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

Nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biosensing

Chemical trend of the formation energies of the group-III and group-V dopants in Si quantum dots

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