Plasma assisted CO2 splitting to carbon and oxygen: A concept review analysis

Centi, Gabriele; Perathoner, Siglinda; Papanikolaou, Georgia

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101775

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…products. − Nonvolatile solid nanocarbons are very attractive end products since they are suitable for long-term and safe storage. Moreover, they possess a great potential for applications in many fields, including energy storage materials. ,,, Different nanocarbon morphologies such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, nano-onions, nanospheres, nanocubes, nanosponges, or nanoscaffolds were derived from CO 2 by applying several methods like plasma, , electrochemical (molten salts ,,− and room temperature ,, ), and catalytic liquid metal , methods and conversion with the usage of reducing agents (hydrides/borohydrides ,, and alkali/alkaline earth metals ,,− ). The plasma and molten salt-assisted electrochemical methods are maybe the oldest methods used for CO 2 conversion to nanocarbons which, however, utilize sophisticated facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂-Derived Nanocarbons with Controlled Morphology and High Specific Capacitance

Giannakopoulou,

Todorova,

Plakantonaki

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The conversion of CO2 to nanocarbons addresses a dual goal of harmful CO2 elimination from the atmosphere along with the production of valuable nanocarbon materials. In the present study, a simple one-step metallothermic CO2 reduction to nanocarbons was performed at 675 °C with the usage of a Mg reductant. The latter was employed alone and in its mixture with ferrocene, which was found to control the morphology of the produced nanocarbons. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals a gradual increase in the amount of nanoparticles with different shapes and a decrease in tubular nanostructures with the increase of ferrocene content in the mixture. A possible mechanism for such morphological alterations is discussed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis elucidates that the nanotubes and nanoparticles gain mainly amorphous structures, while sheet- and cloud-like morphologies also present in the materials possess significantly improved crystallinity. As a result, the overall crystallinity was preserved constant for all of the samples, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Finally, electrochemical tests demonstrated that the prepared nanocarbons retained high specific capacitance values in the range of 200–310 F/g (at 0.1 V/s), which can be explained by the measured high specific surface area (650–810 m2/g), total pore volume (1.20–1.55 cm3/g), and the degree of crystallinity. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of ferrocene for managing the nanocarbons’ morphology and open perspectives for the preparation of efficient “green” nanocarbon materials for energy storage applications and beyond.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂-Derived Nanocarbons with Controlled Morphology and High Specific Capacitance

Giannakopoulou,

Todorova,

Plakantonaki

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…In the pursue of technologies and green processes that can substantially reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, plasma-assisted CO 2 splitting has been proposed as a promising alternative to more conventional, thermodynamically-driven [1] and/or electrochemical methods [2]. Indeed, several authors have demonstrated and summarized the potential of plasma discharges as an interesting approach inside the Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) value-chain [3,4,5]: captured CO 2 from the atmosphere or energy intensive industries can be directly converted into CO and O 2 via direct electron impact dissociation and a ladder-climbing dissociation process through vibrational excitation and vibrational-vibrational (VV) collisions. The aforementioned products are not considered GHGs and as such, climate change and global warming could be mitigated by substantially reducing CO 2 content in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-wave and plasma simulations of microstrip excited, high-frequency, atmospheric pressure argon microdischarges

Kourtzanidis

2023

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Two-dimensional fully coupled EM wave-plasma simulations are used to study the formation, early transient and quasi-steady state of the argon plasma excited by a two-dimensional discontinuous microstrip line. The electromagnetic waves that normally propagate in the microstrip transmission line, radiate and scatter at the position of the gap and the electric field is enhanced primarily at the corner of the gap. The microdischarge is preferentially formed at this position of the EM field hotspot and in low frequencies propagates on the dielectric surface, much like a microwave surface streamer. In longer times, diffusion dominates and the whole gap is filled with plasma of maximum density in the order of $10^{20}$ $m^{-3}$ while it occupies a volume larger than the gap. Mean electron temperatures range from 2.8 to 3.9 eV, while the plasma reaches a quasi-static regime in approximately 2 $\mu$ s having reconfigured the transmission and radiation patterns of the slitted microstrip line. The tunability of the microstrip due to plasma formation provides means for sustaining the discharge in a stable regime. For the same input EM power, the electron temperature increases with increasing excitation frequency while electron densities found to decrease. For the same wave frequency, a decrease of the electron densities with increasing gap is also found in addition to a restriction of the discharge expansion. Finally, thicker dielectrics result to higher electron densities and electron temperatures as well as absorbed power from the plasma. These findings are attributed to the dependence of absorbed EM power and skin depth on the EM wave angular frequency, the critical for shielding electron density as well as the restructuring of the S-parameters due to the changes in operational parameters.

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“…With the rapid development of renewable energy, CO 2 conversion and utilization become possible, with various methods investigated. The methods exploited include catalytic conversion, − plasma conversion, − plasma catalytic conversion, − and others . Among these methods, the plasma conversions − are promising.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods exploited include catalytic conversion, − plasma conversion, − plasma catalytic conversion, − and others . Among these methods, the plasma conversions − are promising. Plasma is defined as a fourth form of matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the plasma CO 2 dissociation is an important process in electrical discharge CO 2 lasers . Increasing publications can be found in the literature on CO 2 decomposition by various plasmas. − ,− Among those plasmas exploited, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is a unique one − ,, because of its high effectiveness, simple setup, convenient monitoring, flexibility for scale-up, and easy on/off operation. It can be operated at atmospheric pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CeO₂-Enhanced CO₂ Decomposition via Frosted Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

Xia

Ding

Shen

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this work, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), a cold plasma phenomenon, was applied for CO2 decomposition. To enhance CO2 decomposition, we used a frosted dielectric quartz tube on which CeO2 was coated. Significantly increased CO2 conversion was thus achieved. The CO2 conversion reaches 23.3% over the CeO2-enhanced frosted dielectric barrier discharge (FDBD) at 10 mL/min and a discharge power of 14.5 W, whereas it is only 16.3% over the uncoated FDBD at the same conditions. The highest energy efficiency reaches 8.0% at 50 mL/min, with which the energy efficiencies over the uncoated FDBD and the unfrosted quartz tube-based DBD are 6.0 and 5.4%, respectively. The increased CO2 conversion with higher energy efficiency is caused by the improved microdischarge performance of the CeO2-enhanced FDBD, with an advantage of easy loading and convenient removal of the CeO2-coated quartz over the traditional DBD packed with CeO2 fine particles.

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Plasma assisted CO2 splitting to carbon and oxygen: A concept review analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 86 publications

CO₂-Derived Nanocarbons with Controlled Morphology and High Specific Capacitance

CO₂-Derived Nanocarbons with Controlled Morphology and High Specific Capacitance

Full-wave and plasma simulations of microstrip excited, high-frequency, atmospheric pressure argon microdischarges

CeO₂-Enhanced CO₂ Decomposition via Frosted Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

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Plasma assisted CO2 splitting to carbon and oxygen: A concept review analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 86 publications

CO2-Derived Nanocarbons with Controlled Morphology and High Specific Capacitance

CO2-Derived Nanocarbons with Controlled Morphology and High Specific Capacitance

Full-wave and plasma simulations of microstrip excited, high-frequency, atmospheric pressure argon microdischarges

CeO2-Enhanced CO2 Decomposition via Frosted Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CO₂-Derived Nanocarbons with Controlled Morphology and High Specific Capacitance

CO₂-Derived Nanocarbons with Controlled Morphology and High Specific Capacitance

CeO₂-Enhanced CO₂ Decomposition via Frosted Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma