Plasma antioxidant vitamin status of periparturient cows supplemented with α-tocopherol and β-carotene

Chawla, Rajiv; Kaur, Harsimran

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.11.002

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The blood β-carotene concentration being lowest shortly after calving (d 7) is in agreement with other reports (Folman et al, 1987;Kaewlamun et al, 2011). This has been attributed to the uptake of the compound by the mammary gland for colostrogenesis, especially during the last week of gestation (Johnston and Chew, 1984;Michal et al, 1994;Chawla and Kaur, 2004). The oxidation of β-carotene by an increased oxidative stress and the physiological decrease in DMI around calving may also contribute to a decreased blood β-carotene level (Goff et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Supplementation of prepartum dairy cows with β-carotene

Oliveira

Guerreiro

Morais

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The prepartum supplementation of dairy cows with β-carotene was evaluated. Cows were blocked by parity and expected calving date and assigned to a treatment: β-carotene (1.2 g/cow per d) or control (no supplementation). The same total mixed ration batch was offered to all cows, and β-carotene was top dressed to individual cows once per day. The data set contained 283 Holsteins that received a treatment for >14 d (29.1±6.9 d). Frequency distributions were analyzed with the GENMOD procedure of SAS using logistic regression for binomial data. Continuous variables were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS. Within parity, nonparametric estimates of the survivor function for reproductive variables were computed using the product-limit method of the Kaplan-Meier method with the LIFETEST procedure of SAS. Plasma β-carotene concentration before supplementation was similar between supplemented and nonsupplemented cows (2.99µg/mL) and peaked at 3.26±0.175µg/mL on d -15±2.4 precalving for supplemented cows (2.62±0.168µg/mL for control). Colostrum density, milk yield, and milk composition were similar between treatments. β-Carotene tended to increase milk protein content from 2.90 to 2.96% and to decrease the proportion of primiparous cows with a milk fat to protein ratio >1.5 from 22.6 to 6.4%. The proportion of primiparous and multiparous cows with difficult calving, metritis, progesterone >1 ng/mL at 21 d and at 42 d in lactation, % conception at first service, and % pregnancy at 90 and 150 d in lactation were similar between treatments. A trend for decreased incidence of somatic cell count >200,000 cells/mL was present in multiparous cows supplemented with β-carotene (38.9% vs. 28.1%). β-Carotene was associated with a reduction in the proportion of multiparous cows with retained placenta 12 h postpartum from 29.9 to 21.7%; time of placenta release was 392 min (340 to 440) for β-carotene and 490 min (395 to 540) for control (median and 95% confidence interval). For primiparous cows, placenta release was not affected by β-carotene (incidence was 15.4%). The intervals from calving to first estrus, to first service, and to conception were not affected by β-carotene supplementation in either parity. However, independent of treatment, cows with improved reproductive efficiency had increased postpartum β-carotene concentration in plasma. The prepartum supplementation of β-carotene increased plasma concentration around calving. No response in milk yield or reproductive performance was detected. Beta-carotene supplementation was associated with a lower incidence of retained placenta in multiparous cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Supplementation of prepartum dairy cows with β-carotene

Oliveira

Guerreiro

Morais

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Contrary to our previous study achieved on nonpregnant and nonlactating camel [7], the GSH-Px activity was not maintained after the end of supplementation. The plasma α-tocopherol level (vitamin E) did not change on average for the entire experiment, but a significant decrease was observed in 2-mg Se-treated group at parturition 5) as it was reported in cow [27]. This decrease in plasma vitamin E concentration at parturition in cows has been attributed to colostrum production and secretion.…”

Section: Physiological Changes In Antioxidant Parameterssupporting

confidence: 60%

Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Blood Status and Milk, Urine, and Fecal Excretion in Pregnant and Lactating Camel

Seboussi

Faye

Askar

et al. 2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Ten pregnant female camels divided into two groups received, after a 2-week adaptation period, an oral selenium (Se) supplementation (0 and 2 mg, respectively) under sodium selenite form for 6 months from the three last months of gestation up to the three first months of lactation. Feed intake was assessed daily. Blood samples and body weight were taken on a biweekly basis, both in dams and their camel calves after parturition. Feces and urine samples were collected monthly and milk on a biweekly basis. The Se concentration in serum increased significantly in the supplemented group and was threefold higher than the concentration compared to the control group, respectively, 305.9 +/- 103.3 and 109.3 +/- 33.1 ng/mL. The selenium concentration increased in similar proportion in milk (86.4 +/- 39.1 ng/mL in the control group vs 167.1 +/- 97.3 ng/mL in treated group), in urine, and feces. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity varied between 18.1 +/- 8.7 IU/g hemoglobin (Hb) in control group and 47.5 +/- 25.6 IU/g Hb in treated group but decreased after parturition in both groups. Vitamin E did not change significantly and was, on average, 1.17 +/- 0.72 and 1.14 +/- 0.89 ng/mL in the control and treated groups, respectively. Significant correlations were reported between serum Se, milk Se, GSH-Px, and fecal and urinary excretion or concentration. Blood values in camel calves were similar to those of the dams. The results seemed to confirm the sensitivity of camel to Se supplementation with an important increase of selenium in serum and milk.

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“…They enhance the functional efficiency of neutrophils by protecting them from oxidative damage following intracellular killing of ingested bacteria (Allison and Laven, 2000). Earlier findings (Goff and Stabel, 1990;Chawla and Kaur, 2004) indicate a reduction in the incidence of metabolic and infectious diseases, when the nutrients used for antioxidant defence, like α-tocopherol, are supplemented prepartum. This suggests that the etiology of these disorders may be affected by oxidative stress (Brzezinska-Slebodzinska et al, 1994).…”

Section: High Yield and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This is supported by the negative correlation between SCC, preferred as an indicator of udder health, and lactose (r = − 0.25; P b 0.01) found in this study. So it could be that due to higher circulating plasma antioxidant concentrations these cows are better protected against metabolic and infectious diseases, like mastitis (Goff and Stabel, 1990;Chawla and Kaur, 2004). This could in turn according to the negative correlation between SCC and milk (r = − 0.22; P b 0.01), ECM (r = −0.23; P b 0.01) and milk fat (r = − 0.21; P b 0.01) production, boost the milk production.…”

Section: High Yield and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%