Plasma and urine changes after smoking different brands of cigarettes

Hill, Peter C.; Marquardt, H

doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.92

Cited by 71 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…With nicotine concentrations the CPD correlations are 0.38 for pre-smoking measures [17] and range between -0.33 and +0.10 for post-smoking values (median ~0.00) [10,12,25,28], and with cotinine concentrations the correlations are about 0.40 (range 0.34-0.54) [3,4,16,17,24]. The correlations obtained in the present study are consistent with those reported in the literature, except for post-smoking nicotine concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…CPD correlations with CO concentrations range between 0.11 and 0.73 (median=0.35) [16,19,24,26,28]. With nicotine concentrations the CPD correlations are 0.38 for pre-smoking measures [17] and range between -0.33 and +0.10 for post-smoking values (median ~0.00) [10,12,25,28], and with cotinine concentrations the correlations are about 0.40 (range 0.34-0.54) [3,4,16,17,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The contributions of cigarette yield, consumption, inhalation and puffing behaviour to the prediction of smoke exposure

et al. 1992

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The overall predictability of smoke exposure indicators and the importance of different influencing factors were assessed in a cross-sectional study (n = 144), using multiple linear regression and bivariate correlation analyses. Respiratory CO, and plasma nicotine and cotinine concentrations were measured before and after smoking, for lip or holder smoking, and natural or standardized (30 puffs) puffing. The prediction of smoke exposure measures varied considerably across sampling times, smoking conditions, and dependent variables. The variance of plasma cotinine and nicotine were predictable to a considerable extent (30%; 19-41%) by cigarette yield, consumption and self-reported inhalation, whereas respiratory CO was less predictable (15-27%). Generally, consumption was the most important predictor, surpassed by nicotine yield for post-smoking plasma nicotine. Smoke exposure from a single smoking period could be predicted to a variable degree (CO, 11-42%; nicotine, 33-54%) by a subset of smoker's sex, cigarette yield, self-reported inhalation and puffing characteristics. The highest prediction was found under standardized smoking conditions (30 puffs through a holder), the lowest under natural smoking conditions. The best subset of predictors, especially with respect to puffing parameters, was found to vary considerably across smoking conditions and dependent variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The contributions of cigarette yield, consumption, inhalation and puffing behaviour to the prediction of smoke exposure

et al. 1992

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“…The health implications of this change have provoked discussion and confusion among health researchers, policy makers, and smokers.2 The validity of machine-determined values as predictors of what is actually smoked and even the logic behind the popular low-tar, lownicotine approach to safer cigarettes have been challenged.' [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] A particular criticism of machine-determined values of nicotine delivery is that smokers may compensate for reduced deliveries by taking more or larger puffs. The cigarettes used in most studies, however, have varied not only in nicotine content but in tar and carbon monoxide yields, flavouring agents, filter types, and size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Puff volume increases when low-nicotine cigarettes are smoked.

Herning¹,

Jones²,

Bachman³

et al. 1981

BMJ

155

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Variables of smoking were measured when subjects smoked the first cigarette of the day after an eight-to 10-hour period of abstinence. The cigarettes smoked had high, medium, or low nicotine yields but the tar and carbon monoxide yields, taste, and draw characteristics remained constant. The number of puffs and interval between puffs did not differ between nicotine doses. The smokers took larger puffs, however, when smoking cigarettes delivering lower nicotine yields than their normal brands.This change in the size of puff must be attributed to the change in nicotine yield since all other characteristics of the cigarettes remained constant. Thus encouraging the smoking of low-nicotine cigarettes may increase exposure to combustion products and not appreciably decrease exposure to nicotine, since the smokers increased the size of their puffs in response to the decreased nicotine yield. Introduction Tar and nicotine yields of machine-smoked cigarettes have decreased over the past 10 years.' The health implications of this change have provoked discussion and confusion among health researchers, policy makers, and smokers.2 The validity of machine-determined values as predictors of what is actually smoked and even the logic behind the popular low-tar, lownicotine approach to safer cigarettes have been challenged.' 3-10 A particular criticism of machine-determined values of nicotine delivery is that smokers may compensate for reduced deliveries

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“…The absolute and dispersed values of cotinine reported are very different referring to the measurement methods and detection media. Plasma concentrations between 100 and 200 ng/ml in smokers were seen by Hill and Marquardt [24] and Gritz et al [25] .…”

Section: Cotinine In Serummentioning

confidence: 82%

Clinical Correlation between the Consumption of Nicotine and Cotinine Concentrations in Urine and Serum by Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Ziegler

Kauczok²,

Dietz³

et al. 2004

Pharmacology

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Different negative effects of smoking are known (e.g. postoperative complications), which lead, especially in plastic surgery, to unsatisfactory results. The aim of this study was to examine the appropriateness of a cotinine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for routine usage in operative disciplines. By correlation of smoking habits and concentration of cotinine in serum and urine, we tried to ascertain reference values for smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers. The reliability and sensitivity of the cotinine ELISA concerning nicotine exposure need to be proven. 165 (108 men, 57 women) test persons were examined by detecting cotinine in serum and urine by ELISA. The study shows a very good sensitivity, precision and reproducibility of the cotinine ELISA according to the laboratory criteria. The test shows significance of a good differentiation between smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers in urine. In serum, cotinines are excellent to differentiate between smokers and non-smokers/passive smokers. Urine and serum tests demonstrate valid and comparable results.

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Plasma and urine changes after smoking different brands of cigarettes

Cited by 71 publications

References 10 publications

The contributions of cigarette yield, consumption, inhalation and puffing behaviour to the prediction of smoke exposure

The contributions of cigarette yield, consumption, inhalation and puffing behaviour to the prediction of smoke exposure

Puff volume increases when low-nicotine cigarettes are smoked.

Clinical Correlation between the Consumption of Nicotine and Cotinine Concentrations in Urine and Serum by Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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