Plasma and Electromagnetic Effects Caused by the Seismic-Related Disturbances of Electric Current in the Global Circuit

Сорокин, В. М.; Hayakawa, Masashi

doi:10.5539/mas.v8n4p61

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…One of the most important is that of the original source of EM energy which drives a possible LAI coupling before a large EQ. Pulinets and Ouzounov [28] thought that different kind of gases (e.g., methane, helium, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide) can serve as carrier gases taking radon and aerosols from seismically active faults to the near Earth's surface where the electrical field is produced by radon ionization and injection of the aerosols [29], Sorokin and Hayakawa [30,31] proposed that the external current of EMF (electro-motive force) is formed in the near ground atmosphere during the injection of charged aerosols by soil gases and that it drives an LAI coupling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications of Ground-based Electromagnetic Observations to A Possible Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Electromagnetic Coupling before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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A large number of various precursors have been reported since the Wenchuan M S 8.0 earthquake (EQ) took place on 12 May 2008 in China. In this work, previous investigations of both ground-based electromagnetic (EM) parameters and spatial ionospheric parameters were first examined. The statistical results showed that various anomalies presented different time-scale variations but tended to be characterized by a common feature -reaching their climax on 9 May, three days before the Wenchuan event, which indicates a lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere (LAI) electromagnetic coupling. Second, the fluctuations on 9 May based on the observational ground-based ultra low frequency (ULF) electrical field at the Gaobeidian (GBD) station and the direct current/ultra low frequency (DC-ULF) geomagnetic vertical Z field at the Chengdu (CD) station were comparably analyzed with those of ionospheric disturbances reported previously. The results showed that distinct electromagnetic changes, geomagnetic "double low-point" phenomena, and ionospheric disturbances above both sides of the Earth started in turn, respectively, but reached their climax simultaneously within dozens of hours on 9 May. This evolutionary process increases the probability that electromagnetic energy propagates from the epicentral area, via the atmosphere and ionosphere, to the equatorial plane, and through this plane finally to its magnetically conjugated area in the opposite hemisphere, causing electromagnetic disturbances on the Earth's surface, in the atmosphere, and in the ionosphere and its conjugate point, in that order.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications of Ground-based Electromagnetic Observations to A Possible Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Electromagnetic Coupling before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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“…The spatial TEC distribution arises as a result of the ionosphere heating and the plasma drift, with the TEC behavior depending on the relationship between them. The results of studies of these processes are discussed in detail in the reviews and monographs [10] [44] [45] [102] and works referenced therein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of the most developed interpretations of these phenomena is based on the at-mosphere-ionosphere coupling provided by the effects of DC electric field generation. These issues are discussed in detail in the reviews [44] [45].…”

Section: Penetration Of An Electric Field Into the Ionospherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EMF can be located in the atmosphere and in the vicinity of boundary between the lithosphere and atmosphere. This way of modeling was started by [54] and then was actively developed (see the review [45] and references therein). Their model is based on the assumption that an additional current source in the circuit caused by the pre-EQ processes arises in the near-ground atmospheric layer.…”

Section: Penetration Of An Electric Field Into the Ionospherementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review on Electrodynamic Influence of Atmospheric Processes to the Ionosphere

Сорокин¹,

Chmyrev²,

Hayakawa³

2020

OJER

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This work is an attempt to critically analyze the existing theoretical models of the impact of earthquake preparation processes on the state of the earth's atmosphere and ionosphere in the zone of growing seismic activity, as well as the mechanisms of formation and transfer of disturbances in various media over the earthquake center. The determining factor (criterion) of the analysis is the degree of compliance of the simulation results with experimental data obtained at various phases of earthquake development by direct and remote diagnostic methods using ground and aerospace technologies. The key role is played by the model's compliance with the results of measuring electric fields and currents in the near-ground atmosphere and ionosphere, small-scale ionospheric inhomogeneities and correlated field-aligned currents and electromagnetic ULF/ELF emissions. A full-fledged model should also explain the origin of such seismic related phenomena as the generation in the troposphere and over-horizon propagation of pulsed VHF radiation, thermal effects and associated IR emissions as well as the modification of plasma distribution in the D, E and F layers of the ionosphere. The use of this criterion in the analysis allowed us to identify a theoretical model that most fully describes the totality of the above-mentioned experimental data within a single physical mechanism. This is an electrodynamic model based on the perturbation of the conductivity current in the global atmosphere-ionosphere electric circuit due to the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere during the preparation and development of an earthquake. The present paper describes this model and the formation mechanisms of related phenomena in the atmosphere and ionosphere, which can be considered as short-term precursors to earthquakes.How to cite this paper: Sorokin, V.M., Chmyrev, V.M. and Hayakawa, M. (2020) A Review on Electrodynamic Influence of Atmospheric Processes to the Ionosphere.

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“…Concerning the ionospheric responses with a time delay of about 10-30 min, these may presumably be connected with the processes in the F region of the ionosphere such as the photochemistry processes and the release of energy accumulated in the atmosphere-ionosphere system or dissipation (Emelyanov et al, 2015;Pulinets et al, 2011;Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2014). Another effect concerning a possible delay in the ionospheric response could be re-reflections from the boundaries of the "magnetosphere-ionosphere" or "ionosphere-atmosphere" during bounce oscillations.…”

Section: Y G Rapoport Et Al: Ground-based Acoustic Parametric Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment

Rapoport¹,

Cheremnykh²,

Koshovy³

et al. 2017

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. We develop theoretical basics of active experiments with two beams of acoustic waves, radiated by a ground-based sound generator. These beams are transformed into atmospheric acoustic gravity waves (AGWs), which have parameters that enable them to penetrate to the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions where they influence the electron concentration of the ionosphere. Acoustic waves are generated by the ground-based parametric sound generator (PSG) at the two close frequencies. The main idea of the experiment is to design the output parameters of the PSG to build a cascade scheme of nonlinear wave frequency downshift transformations to provide the necessary conditions for their vertical propagation and to enable penetration to ionospheric altitudes. The PSG generates sound waves (SWs) with frequencies f 1 = 600 and f 2 = 625 Hz and large amplitudes (100-420 m s −1 ). Each of these waves is modulated with the frequency of 0.016 Hz. The novelty of the proposed analytical-numerical model is due to simultaneous accounting for nonlinearity, diffraction, losses, and dispersion and inclusion of the two-stage transformation (1) of the initial acoustic waves to the acoustic wave with the difference frequency f = f 2 − f 1 in the altitude ranges 0-0.1 km, in the strongly nonlinear regime, and (2) of the acoustic wave with the difference frequency to atmospheric acoustic gravity waves with the modulational frequency in the altitude ranges 0.1-20 km, which then reach the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions, in a practically linear regime. AGWs, nonlinearly transformed from the sound waves, launched by the two-frequency ground-based sound generator can increase the transparency of the ionosphere for the electromagnetic waves in HF (MHz) and VLF (kHz) ranges. The developed theoretical model can be used for interpreting an active experiment that includes the PSG impact on the atmosphere-ionosphere system, measurements of electromagnetic and acoustic fields, study of the variations in ionospheric transparency for the radio emissions from galactic radio sources, optical measurements, and the impact on atmospheric aerosols. The proposed approach can be useful for better understanding the mechanism of the acoustic channel of seismo-ionospheric coupling.

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Plasma and Electromagnetic Effects Caused by the Seismic-Related Disturbances of Electric Current in the Global Circuit

Cited by 26 publications

References 80 publications

Indications of Ground-based Electromagnetic Observations to A Possible Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Electromagnetic Coupling before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake

Indications of Ground-based Electromagnetic Observations to A Possible Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Electromagnetic Coupling before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake

A Review on Electrodynamic Influence of Atmospheric Processes to the Ionosphere

Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment

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