Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid alfentanil, butorphanol, and morphine concentrations following caudal epidural administration in horses

Natalini, Cláudio Corrêa

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782006000500014

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…So far, no pharmacokinetic studies about morphine and its metabolites after repeated epidural administration have been reported in horses. Natalini (2006) [13] investigated the plasmatic concentration of morphine after a single epidural injection of 0.1 mg/kg in horses and found maximum plasmatic concentration of 90 ng/ ml at 120 min post-injection; no clinical variables were reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphine plasmatic concentration in a pregnant mare and its foal after long term epidural administration

et al. 2020

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Background Epidural administration of morphine has been shown to be an effective analgesic strategy in horses; however, the possible occurrence of side effects limits its usage. In order to decrease their frequency, it is important to target the minimal effective plasma concentration and avoid overdosing. As to date species-specific pharmacokinetics data are not available for epidural morphine, the dosing regimen is usually established on the basis of clinical reports and personal experience. In certain physiological conditions, like gestation, the outcome of an empirical dosing scheme can be unpredictable. The aim of this case report is to describe the pharmacological profile of morphine and its metabolites after prolonged epidural administration in a pregnant mare and her foal. Case presentation A 20 years old pregnant mare was presented to our hospital because of severe lameness, 2 months before delivery. Following an ineffective systemic pain treatment, an epidural catheter was inserted and morphine administered (initial dose 0.1 mg/kg every 8 h). Due to its efficacy in controlling pain, it was continued until end of gestation. Plasmatic concentration of morphine and its metabolites were assessed in the mare 6 weeks after starting the treatment, and in both the mare and foal during the first days after delivery. Plasmatic values similar to those previously reported in the literature following morphine short term administration through various routes and not accompanied by side effects were found in the mare, except during an excitatory period. Moreover, no evidence of dangerous drug accumulation or significant milk passage was noticed in the foal. Mild reduction of feces production with no signs of colic and two self-limiting episodes of excitement occurred during treatment in the mare. No side effects occurred during gestation and first phases of life in the foal. Conclusion Prolonged epidural administration of morphine in a pregnant mare allowed good pain control in absence of clinically relevant side effects, in both the mare and her foal. Sudden increase in morphine plasmatic concentration can occur and side effects appear; careful treatment to the lowest effective dose and continuous monitoring of the clinical condition of the treated horse should be performed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphine plasmatic concentration in a pregnant mare and its foal after long term epidural administration

et al. 2020

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“…Although, the occurrence of adverse side effects, like increased gastrointestinal transit time, were not studied systematically in the present study, no apparent adverse side effects were observed after any of the two treatments. Throughout the entire study period, the serum concentrations of morphine after IA administration (0.05 mg kg −1 ) were lower than those of 0.1 mg kg −1 reported both after epidural (Natalini 2006) and after IV (Combie et al. 1983) administration of morphine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular morphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis

Lindegaard

Frost

Thomsen

et al. 2010

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…One of the inducing factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting is the use of opioids in the process of anesthesia. Basbaum and Fields and Watcha and White [4–6] found that the main analgesic mechanism of fentanyl was that opioid receptors distributed in the central nervous system are blocked. Hence, pain signals could not be transmitted upwards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a new analgesic technique that has been widely used in recent years. [6] Opioids are the main drugs for clinical analgesia, and fentanyl and sufentanil have been widely used in postoperative analgesia. However, opioids cause adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sleepiness, and respiratory depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of naloxone on intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

et al. 2016

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This study aims to evaluate the effect of naloxone on intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia.A total of 90 patients, who underwent intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia, were included into this study. All patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (each group, n=30): naloxone group (naloxone+fentanyl), tropisetron group (tropisetron+fentanyl), and fentanyl group (fentanyl). Patients in each group were given a corresponding dose of naloxone. Postoperative analgesia effect and the incidence of side effects such as nausea and vomiting were observed.Small doses of naloxone or tropisetron combined with fentanyl used for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia can significantly reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Six hours after surgery, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were significantly lower in patients that underwent intravenous patient-controlled analgesia using low-dose naloxone combined with fentanyl compared with patients who received fentanyl alone; however, the postoperative analgesic effect of tropisetron was not observed. Compared with the combination of tropisetron and fentanyl, low-dose naloxone combined with fentanyl can obviously reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients who underwent intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and enhance the analgesic effect of fentanyl 6 hours after surgery.Low-dose naloxone can reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia, and exhibits a certain synergic analgesic effect.

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Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid alfentanil, butorphanol, and morphine concentrations following caudal epidural administration in horses

Abstract: This study was conducted with the objective of determining the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 120

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Morphine plasmatic concentration in a pregnant mare and its foal after long term epidural administration

Morphine plasmatic concentration in a pregnant mare and its foal after long term epidural administration

Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular morphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis

Effect of naloxone on intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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