Plasma-Amino Acid Profiles in Sepsis and Stress

Vente, J. P.; Meyenfeldt, M.F. von; Eijk, Hans M.H. van; Berlo, C.L.H. van; Gouma, Dirk J.; Linden, C. J. Van Der; Soeters, Peter B.

doi:10.1097/00000658-198901000-00009

Cited by 104 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The marked depletion of the nonessential amino acids glutamate, serine, glutamine, glycine, arginine, and ornithine as well as the reduction in total plasma amino acids are similar to previous reports in patients with sepsis or severe trauma (12,13). In addition to the nonessential amino acids, the concentrations of isoleucine and lysine were also reduced in the septic patients.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The results, however, are consistent with previous studies in septic rats (3,16) and patients (15) in which evidence was found that sepsis results in increased myofibrillar protein breakdown in skeletal muscle. In addition to muscle amino acid concentrations, several changes in plasma amino acids noticed here were similar to changes reported previously in patients with sepsis or trauma (12,13), further supporting the interpretation that our septic patients were in a catabolic state.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Plasma amino acids were measured to assess the overall metabolic response in the septic patients and to get an indirect measure of the catabolic state in muscle. Previous studies have shown that typical changes in plasma amino acids occur in septic patients and that some of these changes may reflect muscle catabolism (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sepsis is associated with increased mRNAs of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in human skeletal muscle.

Tiao¹,

Hobler²,

Wang³

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Invest.

235

104

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Previous studies provided evidence that sepsis-induced muscle proteolysis in experimental animals is caused by increased ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent protein breakdown. It is not known if a similar mechanism accounts for muscle proteolysis in patients with sepsis. We determined mRNA levels for ubiquitin and the 20 S proteasome subunit HC3 by Northern blot analysis in muscle tissue from septic ( n ϭ 7) and non-septic ( n ϭ 11) patients. Plasma and muscle amino acid concentrations and concentrations in urine of 3-methylhistidine (3-MH), creatinine, and cortisol were measured at the time of surgery to assess the catabolic state of the patients. A three-to fourfold increase in mRNA levels for ubiquitin and HC3 was noted in muscle tissue from the septic patients concomitant with increased muscle levels of phenylalanine and 3-MH and reduced levels of glutamine. Total plasma amino acids were decreased by ‫ف‬ 30% in the septic patients. The 3-MH/creatinine ratio in urine was almost doubled in septic patients. The cortisol levels in urine were higher in septic than in control patients but this difference did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that sepsis is associated with increased mRNAs of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in human skeletal muscle. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1997. 99:163-168.)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sepsis is associated with increased mRNAs of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in human skeletal muscle.

Tiao¹,

Hobler²,

Wang³

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Invest.

235

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In an attempt to establish homeostasis, amino acids are released from peripheral tissues and shifted to the liver for promotion of hepatic protein synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and urea synthesis (24,25). Plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with sepsis or disease are lower than in persons without sepsis (17,30,49), and attempts have been made to use the extent of this difference as a marker of the severity and prognosis of the disease process (16,58). The uptake of amino acids by the liver is elevated, despite the reduced plasma amino acid concentration; thus, hepatic extraction of serum amino acids is increased (25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acids augment muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs during acute endotoxemia by stimulating mTOR-dependent translation initiation

Orellana¹,

Jeyapalan²,

Escobar³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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In skeletal muscle of adults, sepsis reduces protein synthesis by depressing translation initiation and induces resistance to branched-chain amino acid stimulation. Normal neonates maintain a high basal muscle protein synthesis rate that is sensitive to amino acid stimulation. In the present study, we determined the effect of amino acids on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and other tissues in septic neonates. Overnight-fasted neonatal pigs were infused with endotoxin (LPS, 0 and 10 g ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 ), whereas glucose and insulin were maintained at fasting levels; amino acids were clamped at fasting or fed levels. In the presence of fasting insulin and amino acids, LPS reduced protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi (LD) and gastrocnemius muscles and increased protein synthesis in the diaphragm, but had no effect in masseter and heart muscles. Increasing amino acids to fed levels accelerated muscle protein synthesis in LD, gastrocnemius, masseter, and diaphragm. LPS stimulated protein synthesis in liver, lung, spleen, pancreas, and kidney in fasted animals. Raising amino acids to fed levels increased protein synthesis in liver of controls, but not LPS-treated animals. The increase in muscle protein synthesis in response to amino acids was associated with increased mTOR, 4E-BP1, and S6K1 phosphorylation and eIF4G-eIF4E association in control and LPS-infused animals. These findings suggest that amino acids stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis during acute endotoxemia via mTOR-dependent ribosomal assembly despite reduced basal protein synthesis rates in neonatal pigs. However, provision of amino acids does not further enhance the LPS-induced increase in liver protein synthesis. growth; sepsis; mammalian target of rapamycin; eukaryotic initiation factor 4G; ribosomal protein S6 kinase THE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE and sepsis syndromes elicited in the host in response to a bacterial pathogen or its products (35) are associated with hypermetabolism, increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, activation of peripheral protein catabolism, and alteration in the flux of metabolic substrates between skeletal muscle and liver (4, 39). Derangements in skeletal muscle glucose and amino acid metabolism evoked by sepsis result from the body's attempt to maintain the balance between peripheral substrate stores and the increased metabolic demands required to activate the immune system and the stress response (4, 37). These adaptative responses are different from those in the normal fasting person in that the immune response is the drive for the metabolic enhancement (11,59). In an attempt to establish homeostasis, amino acids are released from peripheral tissues and shifted to the liver for promotion of hepatic protein synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and urea synthesis (24, 25). Plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with sepsis or disease are lower than in persons without sepsis (17,30,49), and attempts have been made to use the extent of this difference as a marker of the severity and prognosis of the ...

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“…These cells seem to have a high dependence on ß-amino acid transport and calcium flux (66). Furthermore, other types of stress or injury such as surgical injury (61), cancer (33) and sepsis (63,86) have been correlated with decreased levels of plasma taurine.…”

Section: Structured Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Nutrient-Enriched Bar on Host Defense Mechanisms and Immunogenicity of Hepatitis A Vaccine During US Army Ranger Training

Wood¹,

Kennedy²,

Shippee³

et al. 2000

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Plasma-Amino Acid Profiles in Sepsis and Stress

Cited by 104 publications

References 17 publications

Sepsis is associated with increased mRNAs of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in human skeletal muscle.

Sepsis is associated with increased mRNAs of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in human skeletal muscle.

Amino acids augment muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs during acute endotoxemia by stimulating mTOR-dependent translation initiation

The Effects of a Nutrient-Enriched Bar on Host Defense Mechanisms and Immunogenicity of Hepatitis A Vaccine During US Army Ranger Training

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