Plasma adiponectin levels predict cardiovascular events in the observational Arita Cohort Study in Japan: the importance of the plasma adiponectin levels

Abstract

As the plasma level of adiponectin is related to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events, a low plasma adiponectin level may either cause or trigger cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a low adiponectin level contributes to cardiovascular events, and to investigate the factors influencing adiponectin in the Japanese Arita-cho cohort study.We followed about 2000 subjects in Arita-cho, Saga, Japan as a cohort study, and we enrolled 637 subjects (205 men; 65.1 ± 8.3 years old) who participated in annual health checks from 2005 to 2008 and underwent measurement of the plasma adiponectin level and an oral glucose tolerance test. We monitored the incidence of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events in these subjects until the end of 2010, discontinuing follow-up at 3 years after the start of enrollment. Subjects with low plasma adiponectin levels (o10.5 ng ml À1 ) had a higher incidence of newly diagnosed cardiovascular diseases such as acute heart failure or acute myocardial infarction than those with high plasma adiponectin levels (X10.5 ng ml À1 ) over an average of 2.95 years of follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed that the adiponectin level was predicted by the following parameters in all subjects: age (b ¼ 0.16), male gender (b ¼ À0.267), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (b ¼ À0.140) and the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (b ¼ 0.104), uric acid (b ¼ À0.13), triglycerides (b ¼ À0.169) and brain natriuretic peptide (b ¼ 0.151). The difference in plasma glucose before and 120 min after the intake of a 75-g glucose load did not influence the plasma adiponectin level. The plasma adiponectin level is useful for predicting cardiovascular events, and is a measure of the risk of lifestyle-related diseases.

Adiponectin resistance in skeletal muscle: pathophysiological implications in chronic heart failure

“…CHF is associated with multiple metabolic disturbances of which many act negatively on skeletal muscle metabolism and wasting . In CHF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), circulating adiponectin levels appear to increase in proportion to the severity of the disease . In addition, these patients were shown to develop myocardial and skeletal muscle adiponectin resistance .…”

Total Adiponectin and Risk of Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease in Men

“…Second, we studied men of predominantly Caucasian descent, although we have no reason to assume that adiponectin might be of less importance in other ethnicities. 46, 47 Thirdly, adiponectin concentrations, and included covariables alike, were only determined at baseline, although intra-individual concentrations of adiponectin are reasonably stable over time, 48 and changes over time would result in exposure misclassification and attenuate the results toward the null. Finally, our findings are observational and despite the wide variety of potentially confounding factors we adjusted for, unmeasured or residual confounding may be present.…”

Increased myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in renal failure involves cardiac adiponectin signal deficiency

“…Paradoxically, APN has been widely implicated to exert protective effects on various cardiovascular disorders (13,20). In particular, low plasma APN levels in both healthy individuals and CKD patients are strongly associated with ischemic heart disease (3,17,38,40). Thus an important question arises regarding the exact role of APN in renal failure and the underlying mechanisms.…”