“…It can be seen from Fig. 7 that the IEP (Iso-Electric Point) of chalcopyrite, serpentine and talc were 5.2, 11.2 and 2.0 26 , 31 – 33 , respectively, which was consistent with the previous results 8 , 25 , 34 . Figure 7 Zeta potentials of chalcopyrite ( a ), serpentine ( b ), and talc ( c ) at the different pH before and after reacting with PAAS and GA, c(PAAS) = 24.7 mg/L, c(GA) = 100 mg/L.…”
Separation effects of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) and gum Arabic (GA) on flotation of chalcopyrite and magnesium silicate minerals using potassium butyl xanthate (PBX) as collector were investigated by micro-flotation experiments, zeta potential, Infrared spectral (IR), SEM–EDS, XPS analysis and copper sulphide ore beneficiation test. The micro-flotation experiments and zeta potential measurements showed that combined depressant consisting of PAAS and GA could efficiently reduce the recoveries of mixed minerals of serpentine and talc more than 25%, while that of chalcopyrite remained above 70% at pH 9.2. Infrared spectral (IR), SEM–EDS and XPS analysis showed that PAAS chemically reacted with Mg on the surface of serpentine, while GA adsorbed on talc surface mainly via physical interaction and hydrogen bond may also play a role. Surface synergism between PAAS and GA was investigated by turbidity test and its depression mechanism was proposed. The technology feasibility of using PAAS and GA to improve the copper sulphide ore flotation performance was verified through artificial mixed ore flotation and laboratory closed-flotation operation.
“…It can be seen from Fig. 7 that the IEP (Iso-Electric Point) of chalcopyrite, serpentine and talc were 5.2, 11.2 and 2.0 26 , 31 – 33 , respectively, which was consistent with the previous results 8 , 25 , 34 . Figure 7 Zeta potentials of chalcopyrite ( a ), serpentine ( b ), and talc ( c ) at the different pH before and after reacting with PAAS and GA, c(PAAS) = 24.7 mg/L, c(GA) = 100 mg/L.…”
Separation effects of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) and gum Arabic (GA) on flotation of chalcopyrite and magnesium silicate minerals using potassium butyl xanthate (PBX) as collector were investigated by micro-flotation experiments, zeta potential, Infrared spectral (IR), SEM–EDS, XPS analysis and copper sulphide ore beneficiation test. The micro-flotation experiments and zeta potential measurements showed that combined depressant consisting of PAAS and GA could efficiently reduce the recoveries of mixed minerals of serpentine and talc more than 25%, while that of chalcopyrite remained above 70% at pH 9.2. Infrared spectral (IR), SEM–EDS and XPS analysis showed that PAAS chemically reacted with Mg on the surface of serpentine, while GA adsorbed on talc surface mainly via physical interaction and hydrogen bond may also play a role. Surface synergism between PAAS and GA was investigated by turbidity test and its depression mechanism was proposed. The technology feasibility of using PAAS and GA to improve the copper sulphide ore flotation performance was verified through artificial mixed ore flotation and laboratory closed-flotation operation.
“…Although virucidal activity of NTP has been thoroughly established, the underlying pathway leading to virus inactivation is not clear because of the inherent complexity of NTP. While NTP is also an effective source of UV radiation and electric fields, there is growing consensus that RONS are the key enablers of atmospheric pressure NTP virucidal activity, as in the case of plasma-based bacterial inactivation [84][85][86][87] [60,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93]. A schematic of these key species with reaction pathways in a gas phase plasma impinging on a liquid surface is shown in Figure 5.…”
Pathogenic viruses cause many human, animal, and plant diseases that are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and socio-economic impact. Although effective strategies for combatting virus transmission and associated disease are available, global outbreaks of viral pathogens such as the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate that there is still a critical need for new approaches that can be used to interrupt the chain of viral infection and mitigate virus-associated pathogenesis. Recent studies point to non-thermal plasma (NTP), a partly ionized gas comprised of a complex mixture of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species along with physical effectors, as the potential foundation for new antiviral approaches. A more thorough understanding of the antiviral properties and safety of NTP has stimulated explorations of NTP as the basis for treatments of viral diseases. The recently described immunomodulatory properties of NTP are also being evaluated for potential use in immunotherapies of viral diseases as well as in antiviral vaccination strategies. In this review, we present the current state-of-the-art in addition to compelling arguments that NTP merits further exploration for use in the prevention and management of viral infections and associated diseases.
“…The use of plasma-activated water is another alternative to conventional disinfectants that can efficiently be used to inactivate bacteria and bacteriophages via induction of direct damage to the biological macromolecules. Plasma-activated water can be used to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection via inactivation of the S protein (Guo et al 2020 ). The alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) that are commonly used on skin are not suitable for use on PPE.…”
Section: Updated Disinfection Approaches Against Sars-cov-2mentioning
Disinfectants and sanitizers are essential preventive agents against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, the pandemic crisis was marred by undue hype, which led to the indiscriminate use of disinfectants and sanitizers. Despite demonstrating a beneficial role in the control and prevention of COVID-19, there are crucial concerns regarding the large-scale use of disinfectants and sanitizers, including the side effects on human and animal health along with harmful impacts exerted on the environment and ecological balance. This article discusses the roles of disinfectants and sanitizers in the control and prevention of the current pandemic and highlights updated disinfection techniques against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article provides evidence of the deleterious effects of disinfectants and sanitizers exerted on humans, animals, and the environment as well as suggests mitigation strategies to reduce these effects. Additionally, potential technologies and approaches for the reduction of these effects and the development of safe, affordable, and effective disinfectants are discussed, particularly, eco-friendly technologies using nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
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