Plants protect their roots by alerting the enemies of grubs

Tol, R.W.H.M. van; Sommen, A.T.C. van der; Boff, Mari Inês Carissimi; Bezooijen, J. van; Sabelis, Maurice W.; Smits, P. H.

doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00227.x

Cited by 199 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, cues emanating from plant roots (a potential host habitat) can inXuence entomopathogenic nematode behavior (Bird and Bird, 1986;Choo et al, 1989;Lei et al, 1992;van Tol et al, 2001). Cues from plants damaged by insect feeding provide more speciWc information about the presence of potential hosts and these chemical cues have been shown to increase attraction and infection by Heterorhabditis megadis (Rasmann et al, 2005;van Tol et al, 2001). Caryophyllene, the cue produced by damaged corn roots, is the Wrst plant-produced compound to be identiWed to cause active recruitment of natural enemies in the soil.…”

Section: Interaction Between Foraging Strategy and Hostassociated Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes

Campbell²,

et al. 2006

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We discuss the behavior and ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes in relation to their successes and failures as biological control agents. Four categories of studies have been reviewed herein; infective juvenile foraging strategies, recognition and evaluation of the host by infective juveniles, the actual behaviors of infective juveniles that result in infection, and the protective role of the symbiotic bacteria during nematode reproduction in the cadaver. This constitutes a chronological order of events. Two challenges are suggested. First, the data on entomopathogenic nematode behavioral ecology, while very extensive for some species, are almost completely lacking for most described species. We need to approach future studies paying more attention to phylogenetic origins of the traits that we study. Second, there is little consensus on exactly what are the traits that are worth studying. By reviewing and synthesizing current work, we make some suggestions about where future research should be directed.

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Section: Interaction Between Foraging Strategy and Hostassociated Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes

Campbell²,

et al. 2006

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“…Roots alone are attractive (Bird and Bird, 1986;Kanagy and Kaya, 1996;Hui and Webster, 2000), and even more so when they are wounded or fed on by insects (Wang and Gaugler, 1998;Boff et al, 2001;van Tol et al, 2001;Rasmann and Turlings, 2008). The presence of roots in soil enhanced the rate of infection by EPN of non-feeding trap insects (wax moths), but only at low root density (Choo and Kaya, 1991), while high density of roots interfered with host-finding (Choo et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterranean insects by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Ennis

Dillon

Griffin

2010

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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a b s t r a c tSteinernema carpocapsae can be effective against root-feeding insects despite its reputation as a sedentary ambusher. In pot experiments, using twigs as surrogate roots and pine weevil larvae as targets, we tested the hypothesis that roots serve as physical routeways and conduits of feeding-associated stimuli, thus enhancing the success of S. carpocapsae applied at the surface against subterranean hosts. Insect mortality was lowest (25%) in the absence of plant material, increased to 48% when twigs linked nematodes and insects, and further increased to 69% when the insects were allowed feed on the twigs. This is the first experimental support for the root-routeway hypothesis.

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“…Although very little is known about indirect defense mechanisms below ground, it was often assumed that entomopathogenic nematodes are attracted to damaged roots via chemical cues Van Tol et al, 2001;Bertin et al, 2003). Recently, such a below-ground defense against arthropods was elucidated in detail.…”

Section: Indirect Defenses Below Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Defense Responses to Herbivory in Grasses

Degenhardt

2009

Plant Physiology

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Plants protect their roots by alerting the enemies of grubs

Cited by 199 publications

References 14 publications

Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes

Behavioral ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes

Simulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterranean insects by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Indirect Defense Responses to Herbivory in Grasses

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