Plants for planting; indirect evidence for the movement of a serious forest pathogen, Teratosphaeria destructans, in Asia

Andjic, Vera; Dell, B.; Barber, P.A.; Hardy, G.; Wingfield, Michael J.; Burgess, Treena I.

doi:10.1007/s10658-011-9786-2

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This has been clearly demonstrated for the related Eucalyptus pathogens T. destructans (Andjic et al. ) and T. nubilosa (Hunter et al. ; Pérez et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Multiple introductions from multiple sources: invasion patterns for an important Eucalyptus leaf pathogen

Taole

Bihon

Wingfield

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Many population studies on invasive plant pathogens are undertaken without knowing the center of origin of the pathogen. Most leaf pathogens of Eucalyptus originate in Australia and consequently with indigenous populations available, and it is possible to study the pathways of invasion. Teratosphaeria suttonii is a commonly occurring leaf pathogen of Eucalyptus species, naturally distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of eastern Australia where it is regarded as a minor pathogen infecting older leaves; however, repeated infections, especially in exotic plantations, can result in severe defoliation and tree deaths. Nine polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to assess the genetic structure of 11 populations of T. suttonii of which four where from within its native range in eastern Australia and the remaining seven from exotic Eucalyptus plantations. Indigenous populations exhibited high allele and haplotype diversity, predominantly clonal reproduction, high population differentiation, and low gene flow. The diversity of the invasive populations varied widely, but in general, the younger the plantation industry in a country or region, the lower the diversity of T. suttonii. Historical gene flow was from Australia, and while self‐recruitment was dominant in all populations, there was evidence for contemporary gene flow, with South Africa being the most common source and Uruguay the most common sink population. This points distinctly to human activities underlying long‐distance spread of this pathogen, and it highlights lessons to be learned regarding quarantine.

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“…This has been clearly demonstrated for the related Eucalyptus pathogens T. destructans (Andjic et al. ) and T. nubilosa (Hunter et al. ; Pérez et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Multiple introductions from multiple sources: invasion patterns for an important Eucalyptus leaf pathogen

Taole

Bihon

Wingfield

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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“…It was, however, not possible to determine whether isolates found in Florida and Uruguay originated from Australia or South Africa because both the South Africa and Australia isolates share similar haplotypes with isolates from the former two countries. Eucalyptus planting stock, particularly in the form of seed, has been widely traded around the world, and it is believed that this has been one of the important sources of pathogens moving into new areas (Andjic et al 2011;Wingfield et al 2008). For example, T. nubilosa, an important Eucalyptus pathogen and relative Brown of T. suttonii, moved from Australia into South Africa, and the latter country provided a beachhead for movement of the pathogen into Africa and Europe (Hunter et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA sequence incongruence and inconsistent morphology obscure species boundaries in the Teratosphaeria suttonii species complex

et al. 2012

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Teratosphaeria suttonii (= Kirramyces epicoccoides) is a leaf pathogen that can cause premature defoliation, reduced growth and vigosr and subsequent tree death of many Eucalyptus species.Although the fungus primarily infects mature leaves in the lower canopy, infections can spread to younger leaves during continued epidemics or when trees are stressed. Teratosphaeria suttonii has a wide distribution in Australia and has been introduced to many other parts of the world, most probably with germplasm used to establish plantations. The aim of this study was to establish the phylogenetic relationships between T. suttonii isolates from different countries and to consider whether cryptic species exist in a species complex. DNA from parts of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin and elongation factor-1α genes was sequenced and analyzed for isolates from throughout the range of T. suttonii in Australia, and from six countries (China, Indonesia, South Africa, Uruguay, USA and Vietnam) where the pathogen is introduced.Morphometrics of conidia produced both in vivo and in vitro were also considered. Analysis of the sequence data resulted in incongruent genealogies. Furthermore, groups of isolates in the genealogies could not be linked to area of origin. Likewise differences in conidial morphology could not be linked to any of the phylogenetic groups. There was no evidence of distinct species 2 boundaries and isolates from Australia were closely related to those from other parts of the world.The results of this study support the treatment of T. suttonii as a morphologically and genetically diverse species in its natural range in Australia. The diversity is reflected in introduced populations.

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“…plantations in south-east Asia which are susceptible to leaf, bud, and shoot blight caused by Teratosphaeria destructans (M.J. Wingf. & Crous) [94]. Increased host susceptibility to infectious parasites may also be due to reduced individual-level and population-level genetic heterozygosity, which may increase the occurrence of inbreeding [95,96].…”

Section: Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Prospero

Cleary

2017

Forests

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Biological invasions, resulting from deliberate and unintentional species transfers of insects, fungal and oomycete organisms, are a major consequence of globalization and pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Limiting damage by non-indigenous forest pathogens requires an understanding of their current and potential distributions, factors affecting disease spread, and development of appropriate management measures. In this review, we synthesize innate characteristics of invading organisms (notably mating system, reproduction type, and dispersal mechanisms) and key factors of the host population (namely host diversity, host connectivity, and host susceptibility) that govern spread and impact of invasive forest pathogens at various scales post-introduction and establishment. We examine spread dynamics for well-known invasive forest pathogens, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya, comb. nov., causing ash dieback in Europe, and Cryphonectria parasitica, (Murr.) Barr, causing chestnut blight in both North America and Europe, illustrating the importance of host variability (diversity, connectivity, susceptibility) in their invasion success. While alien pathogen entry has proven difficult to control, and new biological introductions are indeed inevitable, elucidating the key processes underlying host variability is crucial for scientists and managers aimed at developing effective strategies to prevent future movement of organisms and preserve intact ecosystems.

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Plants for planting; indirect evidence for the movement of a serious forest pathogen, Teratosphaeria destructans, in Asia

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Multiple introductions from multiple sources: invasion patterns for an important Eucalyptus leaf pathogen

Multiple introductions from multiple sources: invasion patterns for an important Eucalyptus leaf pathogen

DNA sequence incongruence and inconsistent morphology obscure species boundaries in the Teratosphaeria suttonii species complex

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

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