Plants, animals, and fisheries waste-mediated bioremediation of contaminants of environmental and emerging concern (CEECs)—a circular bioresource utilization approach

Abstract

The release of contaminants of environmental concern including heavy metals and metalloids, and contaminants of emerging concern including organic micropollutants from processing industries, pharmaceuticals, personal care, and anthropogenic sources is a growing threat worldwide due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative nature and adversely affect the aquatic environment, crops, animals, sheries, and human health. There is a big challenge to mitigate inorganic and organic contaminants, which together can be coined as contaminants of environmental and emerging concern (CEECs). The physicochemical properties of several CEECs, reveal that they cannot be easily removed by traditional physicochemical processes and are not economically viable for managing mixed contaminants of low concentrations. As a result, low-cost materials must be designed to provide high CEEC removal e ciency. One of the environmentally viable and energy-e cient approaches is biosorption, which involves using either biomass or biopolymers isolated from plants or animals for decontaminating heavy metals in contaminated environments using inherent biological mechanisms. Among chemical constituents in plant biomass, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, proteins, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and animal biomass include polysaccharides and other compounds to bind heavy metals covalently and non-covalently. These functional groups include -carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amide, amine, sulfhydryl, and other groups. Cation-exchange capacities of these bioadsorbents can be improved by applying the chemical modi cations. The relevance of chemical constituents and bioactives in animal, as well as plant-derived biosorbents, is highlighted in this comprehensive review for sequestering and bioremediation of CEECs including as many as ten different heavy metals and metalloids co-contaminated with other organic micropollutants.PPCPs are found in low concentrations in the freshwater ecosystem, the majority of them, as well as their metabolites, are ICAR-CIFE is gratefully acknowledged for awarding an Institute project to the corresponding author.

Animal wastes-derived capped and bactericidal silver nanoparticles induce immuno-physiological responses in fish for multiple stress resilience in the One-Health Approach

“…One Health approach integrates various components of the livestock-human-plant-environment interface to prevent health issues with the objective of achieving food and nutritional security, besides the surrounding environment, and social, economic, and political well-being (Krishnani et al 2023). In this context, the use of by-products of one component for the well-being of another component can be an effective strategy in achieving the One-Health concept.…”

“…Heavy metals such as cadmium are known to increase in toxicity with an increase in temperature (Guinot et al 2012), which in turn affects the physiological function of the sh, such as thermal tolerance, growth, metabolism, food consumption, reproductive success, and the ability to maintain internal homeostasis are adversely affected. The contaminants of environmental concern, including heavy metals and metalloids, together with contaminants of emerging concern, including organic micropollutants, have been newly coined for the rst time as contaminants of environmental and emerging concern (Krishnani et al 2023). Excessive and non-judicial use of antibiotic agents has signi cantly increased the number of drug-resistant pathogens.…”