Plantlets from Aspen Tissue Cultures

Winton, Lawson L.

doi:10.1126/science.160.3833.1234

Cited by 70 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Removal, wounding, or death of the adult trees results in rapid declines in root auxin levels, which initiates suckering (Eliasson, 1971(Eliasson, , 1972. Suckering is suppressed by the interaction between auxin and cytokinin, two phytohormones produced in the rhizosphere (Winton, 1968 andWolter, 1969). Low ratios of cyokinins to auxins inhibit shoot initiation; high ratios promote shoot initiation (Winton, 1968 andWolter, 1969).…”

Section: Biology and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suckering is suppressed by the interaction between auxin and cytokinin, two phytohormones produced in the rhizosphere (Winton, 1968 andWolter, 1969). Low ratios of cyokinins to auxins inhibit shoot initiation; high ratios promote shoot initiation (Winton, 1968 andWolter, 1969). This species is dioecious, and both male and female flowers form as catkins (Jones, 1985).…”

Section: Biology and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspen mortality in the Colorado and southern Wyoming Rocky Mountains: Extent, severity, and causal factors

Dudley

Burns

Jacobi

2015

Forest Ecology and Management

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We established 573 random roadside survey plots in stands that contained at least 50% aspen cover type. From these random plots, we found average standing aspen tree mortality ranged from 3.3 to 23.7 % on the four national forests and 11% on the east side of the continental divide and 4 % on the west side. Low elevation stands had significantly less mortality (7%) vs. high elevation (8%). The roadside plot data suggests that Colorado's aspen on these four national forests overall were healthy; mortality rates iii among aspen were fairly low (~3 -8%) among all stems, and average percent live crown among adults was high (~85 -90%), in spite of nearly ubiquitous presence of disease (~97 -99%) and high incidence of insect damage (~50 -75%).We also established 98 aspen stand assessment plots with half of the plots in damaged stands, as defined by U.S.D.A. Forest Service aerial detection surveys (ADS), and half in healthy aspen stands. Damaged stands were defined as those stands with (1) thinning crowns among at least 25% of adult aspen, (2) stands with moderate (<50% of stems) levels of overstory mortality, or (3) stands with high (>50% of stems) levels of overstory mortality. Healthy aspen stands were defined as having (1) a maximum mortality rate of 5 -7% among all aspen, and/or (2) more than 75% of adult aspen with full crowns.Adult aspen in damaged stands tended to be less vigorous, based a health score index from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating less healthy conditions (where 1=0-25% damage; 2 = 25-50% damage; 3 = >50% damage; 4 = recent dead; 5 = >5 years dead).Health scores averaged 1.7 in healthy stands, compared to 2.3 in damaged stands.Saplings in damaged stands tended to be healthier with a score of 1.7, compared to 2.2 in healthy stands. Further, there was no difference in the proportion live or total numbers of saplings per hectare between healthy and damaged stands. The prevalence of damaging organisms, such as Cytospora canker (20% in damaged, 13% in healthy), wood-boring insects (27% in damaged, 10% in healthy), and aspen bark beetles (16% in damaged, 7% in healthy) was considerably greater among damaged stands. Site conditions also influenced the prevalence of some of these damage agents: bark beetles were most common among stands at low elevations (18%, compared to 11% and 6% at moderate iv and high elevations, respectively); Cytospora canker was most common among stands on south-or west-facing aspects (20% and 19%, respectively); both aspen bark beetles and Cytospora canker were also most common among stands in the southernmost section of the survey area, the Pike-San Isabel national forest (41% and 36%). There was no difference in the severity of canker or decay fungal infection between healthy and damaged stands. Cytospora canker infestations were more severe on the Medicine Bow NF compared to the other three national forests, and Marssonina foliar blight infection appeared to be most severe on slope summits, concave sites, and sites with either no to low percent slope or moderately steep sl...

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Section: Biology and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biology and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspen mortality in the Colorado and southern Wyoming Rocky Mountains: Extent, severity, and causal factors

Dudley

Burns

Jacobi

2015

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Shoot meristems can also synthesize cytokinins, but the production of these compounds is distributed more locally (Böhner and Gatz 2001, ShimizuSato and Mori 2001, Sakakibara 2006. Cytokinins mainly inhibit root initiation and promote shoot initiation (Winton 1971, Wolter 1968, Van Staden and Harty 1988, Werner et al 2001, Schmülling 2002. The influence of cytokinins may thus depend on their concentration and on the stage of the root initiation process (Okoro and Grace 1978, Jarvis 1986, Van Staden and Harty 1988, Cline 1999, Schmülling 2002.…”

Section: Endogenous Control Of Adventitious Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplication of hybrid aspen (<em>Populus tremula</em> L. x <em>P. tremuloides</em> Michx.) from cuttings

Stenvall¹

2006

Diss. For.

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The primary aim of the present study was to find an efficient and simple method of vegetative propagation for producing large numbers of hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides L. x P. tremula Michx.) plants for forest plantations. The key objectives were to investigate the main physiological factors that affect the ability of cuttings to regenerate and to determine whether these factors could be manipulated by different growth conditions. In addition, clonal variation in traits related to propagation success was examined. According to our results, with the stem cutting method, depending on the clone, it is possible to obtain only 1−8 plants from one stock plant per year. With the root cutting method the corresponding values for two-year-old stock plants are 81−207 plants. The difference in number of cuttings between one-and two-yearold stock plants is so pronounced that it is economically feasible to grow stock plants for two years. There is no reason to use much older stock plants as a source of cuttings, as it has been observed that rooting ability diminishes as root diameter increases. Clonal variation is the most important individual factor in propagation of hybrid aspen. The fact that the efficiently sprouted clones also rooted best facilitates the selection of clones for large-scale propagation. In practice, root cuttings taken from all parts of the root system of hybrid aspen were capable of producing new shoots and roots. However, for efficient rooting it is important to use roots smaller than one centimeter in diameter. Both rooting and sprouting, as well as sprouting rate, were increased by high soil temperature; in our studies the highest temperature tested (30ºC) was the best. Light accelerated the sprouting of root cuttings, but they rooted best in dark conditions. Rooting is essential because without roots the sprouted cutting cannot survive long. For aspen the criteria for clone selection are primarily fiber qualities and growth rate, but ability to regenerate efficiently is also essential. For large-scale propagation it is very important to find clones from which many cuttings per stock plant can be obtained. In light of production costs, however, it is even more important that the regeneration ability of the produced cuttings be high.Keywords: vegetative propagation, regeneration ability, stem cuttting, root cutting. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am very grateful to my supervisor, docent Pertti Pulkkinen, who offered me the possibility to work in this project. He has always found time to comment of the manuscripts, discuss problems related to my experiments, or whatever that I had on my mind. He has also introduced me to the ins and outs of science, advised me to take a part in many international conferences and encouraged me in applying grants.During the years, I have found many good friends in Haapastensyrjä, Finnish Forest Research Institute´s Breeding Station in Läyliäinen. Special thanks belong to Pilvi Jokiniemi and Päivi Selin, who worked with me for several summers. We had hilarious days in green...

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“…5 ppm BA in the absence of auxin, and rooted on Wolter's basal medium. Winton (1968) cultured triploid Populus tremuloides caHus and obtained plantlets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organogenesis in woody Angiosperms: Applications to vegetative propagation

Sommer

1983

Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Actualités Botaniqu

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Summary.-Organogenesis in vitro and its applications to the propagation of trees, particular· ly Populu1, are briefly reviewed. Liquidambar 1tyracijlua L. (sweetgum) is a good species for short rotation coppice forestry in the southeastern U.S. The vegetative propagation of L. 1tyracijlua by callus culture, somatic embryogenesis, adventive buds on hypocotyls, and shoot tip culture in vitro is reported. The mineral composition of the culture medium and the original site of the mother trees are major factors in relation to organogenesis in vitro.Rélumé.· Organogenèse ches les Angiospermes : applications à la multiplication végétative. L'organogenèse in vitro et ses applications à la multiplication des arbres, spécialement des Populu1 sont brièvement passées en revue. Liquidambar ltyraciflua (sweetgum) est une bonne essence pour le traitement en taillis dans le sud-est des F:tats-Unis. On a réalisé la multiplication végétative de L. ltyraciflua in vitro à partir de cals, par embryogenèse végétative, au moyen de bourgeons adventifs sur l'hypocotyle et grâce à la culture in vitro de l'extrémité des pousses. La composition minérale du milieu de culture et le lieu d'origine de l'arbre d'origine sont des facteurs importants pour l'organogenèse in vitro.

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Plantlets from Aspen Tissue Cultures

Cited by 70 publications

References 8 publications

Aspen mortality in the Colorado and southern Wyoming Rocky Mountains: Extent, severity, and causal factors

Aspen mortality in the Colorado and southern Wyoming Rocky Mountains: Extent, severity, and causal factors

Multiplication of hybrid aspen (<em>Populus tremula</em> L. x <em>P. tremuloides</em> Michx.) from cuttings

Organogenesis in woody Angiosperms: Applications to vegetative propagation

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