Planters and Policies in Cromwellian Ireland

Barnard, Toby

doi:10.1093/past/61.1.31

Cited by 48 publications

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“…In the latter case, plans to settle English tenantry in the late sixteenth century failed repeatedly, and often Irish tenants (who were more accustomed to the difficulties of subsistence on marginal land) were the only people willing to take on the farms available (Dunlop, 1888). The Munster Plantation was also greatly disrupted by the risings of 1598 and 1641, although there was later Protestant settlement in Munster and elsewhere following the rout of Catholic forces by Cromwell's New Model Army (Barnard, 1973). These settlements, however, were not of a pattern to produce between-county differences in surname distributions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plantation (politically sponsored settlement from England and Scotland) in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries focused on several provinces, but was numerically most significant by far in the northernmost province, Ulster, where not only regulated Plantation but also extensive independent migration from Scotland occurred (Andrews, 2000). Additionally, in the aftermath of the punitive crushing of the rebellion against the English of 1641, soldiers of Cromwell's New Model Army were encouraged to take up permanent residence-as a component of English colonial strategywhile some at least of the indigenous population were displaced, to the west of Ireland, into Connacht in particular (Barnard, 1973;Barnard, 2000). The results of these influences on the surname history of Ireland may have been further modified by the demographic consequences of the Great Famine of 1945-1952, which resulted in an estimated 1.0 million excess deaths, 300,000 averted births, and the loss of 1.3 million emigrants (Boyle and Ó Grá da, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy

Smith

MacRaild

2008

American J Hum Biol

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This article uses isonymy to test predictions about the genetic structure of Irish populations made on the basis of geography and population history, and compares the mid-nineteenth century population of Ireland with the late nineteenth century Irish-born population resident in England and Wales. Surname data were derived from (1) the householders named in the index to Griffith's valuation of Ireland, a survey undertaken between 1846 and 1864, and (2) of Irish-born residents named in 1881 census of England and Wales. Visual representation of the Griffith's valuation isonymy matrix by multidimensional scaling (MDS) gives a result very close to the geographical distribution of Irish counties, and Mantel matrix correlation shows random isonymy between counties to be negatively associated with geographical distance, generally decaying according to a pattern of isolation-by-distance, with exceptions that can be explained in terms of Irish population history. Some 141,360 Irish-born residents in England and Wales at the 1881 census were assigned to an Irish county of origin, and random isonymy by county of birth for this group also shows a close correspondence to Irish geography. The Mantel matrix correlation between the Irish in Ireland and the Irish in England is 0.855, R(2) = 0.7306, indicating that the emigrant Irish in England were representative of the populations of the Irish counties from which they were derived. This result, together with the strong geographical patterning of surnames in Ireland, suggests that isonymy can be used to investigate the population structure and origin of Irish emigrant groups in Britain and potentially throughout the Irish diaspora.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy

Smith

MacRaild

2008

American J Hum Biol

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“…The competing claims to Ireland, centered on its unruly northern province, were resolved, and the foundationstone of the Protestant Ascendancy was laid. 16 The Scots had made considerable'inroads into the eastern counties of Ulster in the sixteenth century. English settlement in the southwest had been less successful.…”

Section: Union and Plantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Another Britain”?: Bacon'scertain considerations touching the plantation in Ireland (1609)

Maley

1995

Prose Studies

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“…More than in any other nation or jurisdiction, the complexity of Irish identities—the “varieties of Irishness”—and the unique circumstances of Irish political, religious, and cultural contexts shaped by Ireland's long and entangled history with England and Scotland complicate and place pressure on Milton's writings in unprecedented and unparalleled ways (Foster, , pp. 3–14; see also Barnard, , ; Bradshaw & Morrill, ; Canny, ; Ciardha & Siochrú ; Jackson, ; Leerssen, ; Lenihan, ; Morley, ; Ohlmeyer, ; Siochrú, ). At different junctures throughout Irish history, the competing and, at times, contiguous interests of the native Gaelic Irish, the Old English descendants of the Anglo‐Norman conquest, and the new post‐Reformation Protestant settlers, construct, buttress, and undermine the political, social, and intellectual spaces that make an examination of Milton's reception in Ireland so important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Is this our boasted constitution? Is this our liberty?”: Reading Milton in Ireland

Lahive

2018

Literature Compass

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This essay examines a largely undocumented aspect of Irish literary history: the reception and circulation of John Milton's writings in Ireland. Milton's negative views of the inhabitants of Ireland have been well documented, but this essay analyses some of the intellectual responses of readers, writers, and thinkers in Ireland to the English republic's leading apologist for the conquest of Ireland. I argue that such an approach is required in order to redirect the critical narrative away from examinations of the hackneyed anti‐Irish stereotypes written for colonial agendas and to shed light on the ways in which Milton was read to speak to and about a range of political, religious, social, and ethical issues in early modern and late modern Ireland. The essay also seeks to introduce my book‐length study of the topic which, ranging across printed and manuscript sources—from Irish translations of Milton's poetry to political appropriations of his controversial prose—interrogates the collective assumptions, aspirations, fears, anxieties, and prejudices of readers and writers in Ireland as they are revealed in response to the self‐conflicting voice of civil and religious liberties, on the one hand, and aggressive English colonialism on the other.

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Planters and Policies in Cromwellian Ireland

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy

Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy

“Another Britain”?: Bacon'scertain considerations touching the plantation in Ireland (1609)

“Is this our boasted constitution? Is this our liberty?”: Reading Milton in Ireland

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