Plant Water Relations

Lösch, R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59940-8_8

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 379 publications

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“…Water can cross bilayers due to the lateral dynamics of phospholipids, and large-volume water translocation is facilitated by water channels. Members of this family of membrane channel proteins are called aquaporins and are present in both the plasmalemma and the tonoplast membrane (Losch, 1999). Plant aquaporins are classified into four main sub-families: plasma membrane-intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast-intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nodulin26-like-intrinsic proteins (NIPs) and small and basic membrane-intrinsic proteins (SIPs) (summarized by Forrest and Bhave, 2007;Soto et al, 2008).…”

Section: Water Movement and Water Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water status and associated processes mark critical stages in pollen development and functioning

2012

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Pollen water status is co-ordinated through structural, physiological and molecular mechanisms. The structural components participating in regulation of the pollen water level, during both dehydration and rehydration, include the exine (the outer wall of the pollen grain) and the vacuole. Recent data suggest the involvement of water channels in pollen water transport and the existence of several molecular mechanisms for pollen osmoregulation and to protect cellular components (proteins and membranes) under water stress. It is suggested that pollen grains will use these mechanisms, which have a developmental role, to cope with environmental stress conditions.

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Section: Water Movement and Water Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water status and associated processes mark critical stages in pollen development and functioning

2012

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“…For lifting a continuous stream of water from roots to shoots and canopies cohesion and tension of files of water in the conductive elements of the xylem are considered to be the decisive physical basis by what is known as the cohesion/tension theory of sap flow. Although it remains still very widely accepted (Becker et al 1997;Tyree 1997;Lösch 1998;Wei et al 1999a, b;Angeles et al 2004) and is even exploited in innovative engineering by the construction of ''synthetic trees'' (Wheeler and Stoock 2008) the cohesion/tension theory is challenged in more or less regular intervals (Zimmermann et al 1994a(Zimmermann et al , b, 2004(Zimmermann et al , 2007 where particularly the central role of the forces of cohesion and tension is under attack but also the continuous operation of transpiration as the essential driving force is subjected to doubts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal dissipation probe measurements of sap flow in the xylem of trees documenting dynamic relations to variable transpiration given by instantaneous weather changes and the activities of a mistletoe xylem parasite

Ziegler

Weber²,

Lüttge

2009

Trees

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The thermal dissipation probe was described in the early 1930s for the demonstration of a volume and mass flow of sap in the conductive elements of the xylem in trees. It was subsequently developed further and is now widely used in physiological ecology including measurements in the field. Thermal dissipation demonstrates the occurrence of sap flow and allows determination of its velocity. Here we report simultaneous continuous measurements of sap flow using the thermal dissipation technique and of transpiration by infrared gas analysis for diurnal and annual cycles in a deciduous and an evergreen oak tree, Quercus robur L. and Quercus turneri Willd., respectively, in a deciduous and an evergreen conifer, Larix decidua Mill. and Pinus griffithii McClell., respectively, and the host/mistletoe consortium of the deciduous linden Tilia mandschurica Rupr. & Max. and the evergreen Viscum album L. We show (1) that in diurnal cycles sap flow closely follows dynamic changes of the rate of transpiration elicited by daily fluctuations of weather parameters (sunshine, cloudiness, air temperature and humidity), (2) that in annual cycles sap flow reflects autumnal yellowing and shedding of leaves of the deciduous trees. We report for the first time comparative measurements of sap flow towards mistletoe shoots and host branches in a parasite/host consortium. This demonstrates (3) that mistletoes maintain considerably larger sap flow rates in their xylem conduits than the adjacent host branches dragging the transpiration stream of their host towards their own shoots. We also show (4) that even after the deciduous host has shed its leaves and itself does not transpire any more the evergreen mistletoe towards its shoots can maintain the persistence of a continuous sap flow via the stem and branches of the host as long as frost does not prevent that. The work presented underlines the contention that transpiration is the driving force for sap flow with continuous files of water in the xylem. It shows for the first time that mistletoes direct the flow of water through host roots and stems towards its own shoots by not only performing stronger transpiration as it is known from the literature but also by maintaining larger sap flow rates in the xylem conduits of its stems.

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“…Thus a water supply is a common necessity for both salinization and root zone submergence. Extended submergence can also adversely affect the shoots' functioning (Losch, 1999). Extended submergence can also adversely affect the shoots' functioning (Losch, 1999).…”

Section: Effects On Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduced aerated soil, which is a result of submergence, around the root zone results in reduced nutrient uptake which eventually affects plant growth and yield adversely (Sairam et al, 2008). Extended submergence can also adversely affect the shoots' functioning (Losch, 1999). Moreover, extended submergence can change the chemistry of the soils with the build-up of lactate, ethylene, ethanol and carbon dioxide (Monk et al, 1984;Greenway et al, 2006).…”

Section: Effects On Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Drainage and Salinization Problems of Irrigated Lands

Singh

2019

Irrigation and Drainage

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The development of irrigated agriculture is essential to feed the growing world population. Nevertheless, without proper drainage provisions, this development can result in salinization and rising groundwater table problems in irrigated areas. An effective drainage system not only improves existing agricultural lands but also brings new areas under cultivation. Poor drainage and the associated salinization cause a reduction in crop growth and yield and this reduction will be much higher if both salinization and submergence occur simultaneously. Drainage is necessary for humid as well as dry regions and it is one of the main inputs to obtain better yields per unit of agricultural area. The provision of drainage has many direct and indirect effects. This paper provides an overview of the drainage and salinization problems of irrigated lands and their impact on overall agricultural productivity. The significance of the study along with its goals and the historical development of agricultural drainage is provided. The processes involved in drainage‐associated salinization of irrigated lands and the effects of salinization and shallow groundwater tables on plant growth and yield and the environmental perspective of the problems are also detailed in the paper. Conclusions are provided that can be of use to the reader. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Plant Water Relations

Cited by 9 publications

References 379 publications

Water status and associated processes mark critical stages in pollen development and functioning

Water status and associated processes mark critical stages in pollen development and functioning

Thermal dissipation probe measurements of sap flow in the xylem of trees documenting dynamic relations to variable transpiration given by instantaneous weather changes and the activities of a mistletoe xylem parasite

An Overview of Drainage and Salinization Problems of Irrigated Lands

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