Plant Viruses as Gene Expression and Silencing Vectors

Lomonossoff, George P.; Montague, Nicholas P.

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0020709

Cited by 1 publication

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first plant viruses to be developed as expression vectors in the early 1980s were those with DNA genomes (for reviews, see 42,56). This was due to the fact that, at the time, only the DNA genomes could be manipulated and the technology for creating infectious cDNA copies of viruses with RNA genomes did not exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These viruses infect a wide range of hosts and some can reach extremely high titres. Following the construction of the first full-length cDNA clones shown to be infectious (1), the past 25 years has seen a large number of RNA viruses developed as vectors for the expression of foreign sequences and other uses, such as gene silencing (10, 31,42, 55, 56,70).Many proteins have been successfully expressed with virus vectors and significant progress in vector design has been driven by the demands of this application. Generally developed with the expression of fluorescent marker proteins, RNA virus-based vectors have become a highly effective means of producing recombinant heterologous protein in plant tissue within a short time frame (28, 35,44,67).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cowpea mosaicVirus: The Plant Virus–Based Biotechnology Workhorse

Sainsbury

Cañizares

Lomonossoff

2010

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

106

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INTRODUCTIONThe first plant viruses to be developed as expression vectors in the early 1980s were those with DNA genomes (for reviews, see 42, 56). This was due to the fact that, at the time, only the DNA genomes could be manipulated and the technology for creating infectious cDNA copies of viruses with RNA genomes did not exist. However, the vast majority of plant viruses have genomes that consist of one or more strands of positive-sense RNA. These viruses infect a wide range of hosts and some can reach extremely high titres. Following the construction of the first full-length cDNA clones shown to be infectious (1), the past 25 years has seen a large number of RNA viruses developed as vectors for the expression of foreign sequences and other uses, such as gene silencing (10, 31,42, 55, 56,70).Many proteins have been successfully expressed with virus vectors and significant progress in vector design has been driven by the demands of this application. Generally developed with the expression of fluorescent marker proteins, RNA virus-based vectors have become a highly effective means of producing recombinant heterologous protein in plant tissue within a short time frame (28, 35,44,67). In addition to their use as vectors for the production of heterologous polypeptides and as gene silencing vectors, plant RNA viruses have also provided a source of particles for various applications. Virus capsids provide nano-scale particles with consistent size and shape, which can be exploited for a number of chemical and biological applications (72). For example, a number of systems make use of the repetitive geometry of plant virus capsids to present multiple copies of antigenic sequences, to increase their potential as a source of novel vaccines (10,39, 58). Also, both wild type and genetically modified capsids of plant viruses are also being used as biotemplates for novel materials in nanotechnology (88). 3Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has borne witness to most of the aforementioned biotechnological uses of RNA viruses. The year 2009 marks the 50 th anniversary of the first description of CPMV as a pathogen of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) in West Africa (13). As a result of its ease of propagation, high yield and the stability of the viral particles, CPMV rapidly became an object of intense scientific research. Early studies revealed the bipartite nature of the viral genome (7,78), the structural similarities between CPMV and the animal picornaviruses (87) and the mechanism of gene expression (polyprotein processing; 53).Subsequent work resulted in the determination of the nucleotide sequences of both genomic segments (81, 43), a realisation of the genetic similarities between CPMV and picornaviruses (21), an atomic resolution structure of the virus particles (32, 33), and the creation of infectious cDNA clones (16, 25,84). A crucial step for the development of practical CPMVbased expression systems was the creation of vectors that could be inoculated by agroinfiltration (38), and this approach is now the method of choice for intr...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%