Plant uptake potential of endosulfan from soil by carrot and spinach

Abstract

Residual endosulfan in an agricultural environment has been reported, although endosulfan was listed to persistent organic pollutants and banned. To produce the safe crop from endosulfan residue risk, the plant uptake potential of endosulfan from soil to crop should be studied. In here, the plant uptake potentials of endosulfan in various crops were surveyed and ranged from 0.002-4.460. And the bioconcentration factors (BCF) of total endosulfan in carrot and spinach were calculated from the pot experiment. The BCFs in carrot and spinach were 0.285 and 0.040-0.047 respectively. Endosulfan sulfate was contributed to over 42.8% of the crop residue as a major contributor among the three endosulfan congeners in both of carrot and spinach.

Comparison of the plant uptake factor of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) from the three different concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in soil to spinach and Welsh onion

“…Although both of the plant uptake experiments were not performed on the same soil condition, the PUFs for PFOA and PFOS in spinach were similar values with the previously reported in rice straw (0.769-1.474 for PFOA and 1.749-4.700 for PFOS) [7]. In addition, the PUFs for the PFAAs were at least 10-fold higher than those for endosulfan and other organochlorine POPs [5,8,9,15]. Due to the ionic functional group of PFOA and PFOS, the PFAAs have higher hydrophilicity and ionic charges than the organochlorine POPs and these chemical properties would result to higher PUFs in crops through a different pathway for the uptake and accumulation with non-polar organochlorine POPs [22,34].…”

“…Spinach was cultivated 73,239 metric tons in 2018 and it was a major food source for supplying vitamin A and vitamin C [21]. Unlike lettuce, spinach was grown in soil and had a smaller growth rate and weight than lettuce [5]. Welsh onions, along with garlic and onions, are representative crops belonging to the Allium genus and are produced at an annual rate of 490,000 metric tons in Korea [21].…”

Effect of soil organic matter content on plant uptake factor of ginseng for endosulfan

“…성이 증가하고 있다. 토양 잔류 endosulfan의 작물 흡수이행은 생물농축계수 (bioconcentration factor)나 식물흡수이행계수(plant uptake factor, PUF)를 산출하여 활용하고 있으며, 지금까지 시금치, 당근, 무, 감자 등 채소류와 쌀 등 곡류에서 endosulfan의 흡수이행에 관 한 연구 결과가 일부 보고된 바 있다 [2,3,6,17,18]. 하지만 Fig.…”

Translocation of residual ethoprophos and tricyclazole from soil to spinach

“…It is likely that the ethoprophos was degraded in the soil before being absorbed through the spinach roots. On the other hand, higher BCF values (0.040 and 0.047) in spinach have been reported for endosulfan at different initial residue levels in soil [36]. However, the average weights of spinach analyzed were 16.9 ± 2.1 g and 16.1 ± 2.1 g, which are considerably smaller than our values (46.4 ± 8.9 g), and the BCF values are similar to those of the 50% mature spinach in our study.…”