Plant‐to‐plant biomass and yield variability in corn–soybean rotations under three tillage regimes

O’Brien, Peter; Hatfield, Jerry L.

doi:10.1002/agj2.20514

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Stover was 3.68 Mg ha −1 in continuous corn and 4.0 Mg ha −1 in corn grown in rotation with soybean (Table 7). This was low compared with findings from other studies in the Midwest (O'Brien & Hatfield, 2021), because at the time of stover sampling in mid‐October (Table 2), corn was senescing and losing leaves and tassels. In addition, some disease and weed pressure may have impacted corn growth in these site‐years.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Cover crop planting practices determine their performance in the U.S. Corn Belt

et al. 2023

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Cover crop growing periods in the western U.S. Corn Belt could be extended by planting earlier. We evaluated both pre-harvest broadcast interseeding and post-harvest drilling of the following cover crops: (a) cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) [RYE]; (b) a mix of rye + legumes + brassicas [MIX1], (c) a mix of rye + oat [Avena sativa L.] + legumes + brassicas (MIX2), (d) legumes [LEGU]) and (e) a no cover crop control. These were tested in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) [corn-corn] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-corn systems [soybean-corn] at three sites in Nebraska for their effect on cover crop productivity, soil nutrients, and subsequent corn performance. At the sites with wet fall weather, pre-harvest broadcasting increased cover crop biomass by 90%, to 1.29 Mg ha −1 for RYE and 0.87 Mg ha −1 for MIX1 in soybean-corn, and to 0.56 Mg ha −1 and 0.39 Mg ha −1 in corn-corn, respectively. At the drier site, post-harvest drilling increased biomass of RYE and MIX1 by 95% to 0.80 Mg ha −1 in soybean-corn. Biomass N uptake was highest in pre-harvest RYE and MIX1 at two sites in soybean-corn (35 kg ha −1 ). RYE and sometimes mixes reduced soil N, but effects on P, K, and soil organic C were inconsistent. In soybean-corn, corn yields decreased by 4% after RYE, and in corn-corn, by 4% after pre-harvest cover crops. Site-specific selection of cover crops and planting practices can increase their performance while minimizing impacts on corn.Abbreviations: CON, control without cover crops; GDD, growing degree days; LEGU, legume cover crop blend consisting of hairy vetch and winter pea; MIX1, cover crop mix consisting of cereal rye, hairy vetch, winter pea, and radish; MIX2, cover crop mix consisting of cereal rye, hairy vetch, winter pea, radish, oat, collard, clover; RYE, cereal rye cover crop.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Cover crop planting practices determine their performance in the U.S. Corn Belt

et al. 2023

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“…(2018) documented yield decline with nonuniform spatial distribution with a variety that had a low branching ability. O'Brien and Hatfield (2021) also documented that biomass production and grain yield were not impacted by increased plant‐to‐plant variability. Similar to the previous research, grain yield was not influenced by the different spatial distributions in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of a high‐speed planter in soybean production

Kovács

Casteel

2023

Agronomy Journal

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Timely and quality planting of soybean is important to achieve maximum yield potential. Wet spring soil conditions and rain frequently shorten the time for farmers to plant crops within optimal soil conditions. New planter technology has been introduced that enables farmers to plant their fields faster and more precisely than with traditional planters. Large plot field studies were conducted in Indiana from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate a high-speed planter at various planting speeds with multiple seeding rates on soybean. Seedling emergence, plant distribution, and final yield were evaluated. Three planting speeds [8, 12, and 16 kilometers per hour (kph)] and two seeding rates (222,000 and 321,000 seeds ha −1 ) were included in all years, and an additional planting speed and seeding rate were included in 2016 (20 kph and 420,000 seeds ha −1 , respectively). Overall, planting speed did not impact soybean seedling emergence. Uniformity of plant spacing decreased slightly as the planting speed increased from 8 to 20 kph in 2016. Cool and wet conditions immediately after planting likely led to inconsistent emergence. Final grain yield was not affected by planting speeds or seeding rate except in 2017 when 12 kph planting speed yielded 0.25 Mg ha −1 higher than the other planting speeds. Increasing planting speed can be achieved without detrimentally affecting plant population, plant spacing, and yield in soybean.

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“…Approximately half of the producers’ entries in the North Carolina soybean yield contest are in no‐till production (Vann et al., 2021), which likely reflects variation in growers’ management strategies across the region. Soybean yield responses to tillage vary and depend on soil properties (Dick & Van Doren, 1985), weather (Webber et al., 1987), and other agronomic practices (Delate et al., 2012; Gawęda et al., 2020; O'Brien & Hatfield, 2021). Seed protein accumulation is linked with plant nitrogen metabolism (Fabre & Planchon, 2000; Pandurangan et al., 2012; Saravitz & Raper, 1995), and tillage decisions can affect soybean nitrogen assimilation via the impacts of soil compaction, soil moisture retention, soil pH, and soil temperature on nodulation and nitrogen fixation (Torabian et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density, not tillage, increases soybean protein concentration in some southeastern US environments

et al. 2023

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Management decisions like planting density and tillage could influence soybean seed composition through their impacts on competition and soil properties. To determine if either of these management decisions could help improve soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed quality in the southeastern United States, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of planting density and tillage on seed composition. Five soybean genotypes were examined in multiple environments across three plant densities from 204,000 to 476,000 plants ha −1 , and in conventional tillage compared to no-till. In two of the three environments, seed protein concentration was higher at higher plant densities. Tillage did not affect seed protein concentration, but conventional tillage improved yield when compared with no-till in two of four environments, resulting in higher protein yield under conventional tillage in these environments. Plant density may be an important management decision to consider for improving soybean seed protein in specific environments in the southeastern United States, and further research could help determine the specific environmental attributes that lead to a density benefit for seed protein.

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Plant‐to‐plant biomass and yield variability in corn–soybean rotations under three tillage regimes

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Cover crop planting practices determine their performance in the U.S. Corn Belt

Cover crop planting practices determine their performance in the U.S. Corn Belt

Evaluation of a high‐speed planter in soybean production

Density, not tillage, increases soybean protein concentration in some southeastern US environments

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