Plant Surface Properties in Chemical Ecology

Müller, Caroline; Riederer, Markus

doi:10.1007/s10886-005-7617-7

Cited by 352 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…However, in nature the interface where tritrophic interactions take place is often the surface or more specifically, the cuticle of a plant (Müller and Riederer 2005). The cuticle proper contains two different wax portions: the intracuticular waxes embedded in the cutin matrix and a layer of epicuticular waxes encrusted above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid’s response to host footprints

Rostás

Ruf

Zabka

et al. 2008

Naturwissenschaften

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The plant surface is the substrate upon which herbivorous insects and natural enemies meet and thus represents the stage for interactions between the three trophic levels. Plant surfaces are covered by an epicuticular wax layer which is highly variable depending on species, cultivar or plant part. Differences in wax chemistry may modulate ecological interactions. We explored whether caterpillars of Spodoptera frugiperda, when walking over a plant surface, leave a chemical trail (kairomones) that can be detected by the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. Chemistry and micromorphology of cuticular waxes of two barley eceriferum wax mutants (cer-za.126, cer-yp.949) and wild type cv. Bonus (wt) were assessed. The plants were then used to investigate potential surface effects on the detectability of caterpillar kairomones. Here we provide evidence that C. marginiventris responds to chemical footprints of its host. Parasitoids were able to detect the kairomone on wild type plants and on both cer mutants but the response to cer-yp.949 (reduced wax, high aldehyde fraction) was less pronounced. Experiments with caterpillar-treated wt and mutant leaves offered simultaneously, confirmed this observation: no difference in wasp response was found when wt was tested against cer-za.126 (reduced wax, wt-like chemical composition) but wt was significantly more attractive than cer-yp.949. This demonstrates for the first time that the wax layer can modulate the detectability of host kairomones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid’s response to host footprints

Rostás

Ruf

Zabka

et al. 2008

Naturwissenschaften

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“…Direct defense mechanisms include morphological adaptations that impede herbivore colonization and movement on the plant, such as hairs, waxy leaf surfaces, or sticky secretions (van Dam and Hare 1998;Muller and Riederer 2005). Most plants also produce secondary metabolites that affect herbivore behavior and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Insect Herbivore and its Pupal Parasitoid Reflect Differences in Direct Plant Defense

et al. 2007

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In nature, plants defend themselves by production of allelochemicals that are toxic to herbivores. There may be considerable genetic variation in the expression of chemical defenses because of various selection pressures. In this study, we examined the development of the small cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, and its gregarious pupal ectoparasitoid, Pteromalus puparum, when reared on three wild populations (Kimmeridge, Old Harry, Winspit) of cabbage, Brassica oleracea, and a Brussels sprout cultivar. Wild plant populations were obtained from seeds of plants that grow naturally along the south coast of Dorset, England. Significant differences in concentrations of allelochemicals (glucosinolates) were found in leaves of plants damaged by P. rapae. Total glucosinolate concentrations in Winspit plants, the population with the highest total glucosinolate concentration, were approximately four times higher than in the cultivar, the strain with the lowest total glucosinolate concentration. Pupal mass of P. rapae and adult body mass of Pt. puparum were highest when reared on the cultivar and lowest when developing on Kimmeridge plants, the wild strain with the lowest total glucosinolate concentration. Development of male parasitoids was also more negatively affected than female parasitoids. Our results reveal that plant quality, at least for the development of 'adapted' oligophagous herbivores, such as P. rapae, is not based on total glucosinolate content. The only glucosinolate compound that corresponded with the performance of P. rapae was the indole glucosinolate, neoglucobrassicin. Our results show that performance of ectoparasitoids may closely reflect constraints on the development of the host.

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“…The latter was extensively studied [18], but few reports were found for the former. Yang et al found that five wild peanut species were more resistant to S. frugiperda larvae in feeding bioassays than a peanut cultivar.…”

Section: No-choice and Mortality Assays Against S Frugiperdamentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal Properties of a Highly Potent Wax Isolated from Dolichandra cynanchoides Cham

2016

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Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Dolichandra cynanchoides Cham. (Bignoniaceae) led to the isolation of a natural wax with anti-insect activity against Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae) and Epilachna paenulata (Coleptera). The compound was identified spectroscopically as an ester of a C27 fatty acid and a C25 alcohol, pentacosyl heptacosanoate (1). The effective doses of 1 for 50% feeding inhibition (ED 50 ) of S. frugiperda and E. paenulata were 0.82 and 8.53 µg/cm 2 , respectively, in a choice test, while azadirachtin showed ED 50 of 0.10 and 0.59 µg/cm 2 , respectively. In a no-choice test, both insects refused to feed on leaves treated with 1 at doses of 0.1 µg/cm 2 or greater inhibiting larval growth and dramatically reducing survival. The lethal doses 50 (LD 50 ) of 1 were 0.39 and 0.68 µg/cm 2 for S. frugiperda and E. paenulata, respectively. These results indicate that 1 has potential for development as botanical insecticides. Similar esters might be obtainable in large quantities as many edible crops produce wax esters that are discarded during food processing. Research on these materials could lead to the detection of similar waxes with insecticidal activity.

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Plant Surface Properties in Chemical Ecology

Cited by 352 publications

References 159 publications

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid’s response to host footprints

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid’s response to host footprints

Development of an Insect Herbivore and its Pupal Parasitoid Reflect Differences in Direct Plant Defense

Insecticidal Properties of a Highly Potent Wax Isolated from Dolichandra cynanchoides Cham

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