Plant subviral RNAs as a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA): Analogy with animal lncRNAs in host–virus interactions

Shimura, Hanako; Masuta, Chikara

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.06.016

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The role of lncRNAs in the regulation of target genes and their oncogenic or tumor silencer jobs in tumorigenesis has been uncovered . The intracellular ncRNAs that were significantly altered in HCV‐induced HCC can be used as potential molecular targets for therapy …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long non‐coding RNAs (CASC2 and TUG1) in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance

Refai

Louka

Halim

et al. 2019

The Journal of Gene Medicine

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Background The biology of hepatocellular carcinoma remains poorly understood. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be key regulators of most cell processes and cancer. The lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) was originally identified as a downregulated gene in endometrial cancer and acted as a tumor suppressor. The lncRNA taurine up‐regulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been shown to play an oncogenic role in various cancers. However, the relative expression of CASC2 and TUG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on top of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the relationship between both remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate both lncRNA CASC2 and TUG1 relative gene expression in whole blood of HCC/HCV patients in relation to HCV and healthy subjects and to relate them to each other and to different clinicopathological factors. Methods The relative expression of CASC2 and TUG1 was estimated by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction in 30 HCC/HCV patients and compared with 20 cases of HCV patients and 20 controls. Results CASC2 was downregulated in HCC/HCV patients, whereas TUG1 was overexpressed in relation to HCV and the control group, indicating their antagonistic effect. This suggests their role in the pathogenesis of HCC on top of HCV. Their expression was correlated to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage and serum alpha‐fetoprotein level. Conclusions CASC2 and TUG1 could be new potential biomarkers with a valid non‐invasive technique.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long non‐coding RNAs (CASC2 and TUG1) in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance

Refai

Louka

Halim

et al. 2019

The Journal of Gene Medicine

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“…In fact, viroids were first described in 1971. Viroids and some virusoids are plant pathogens whose genome is a lncRNA, as it lacks any protein coding capacity (reviewed in Gago-Zachert, 2015; Shimura and Masuta, 2015). Viroid genomes are small 246–401 nucleotide, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules capable of autonomous replication.…”

Section: Viruses and Lncrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long noncoding RNAs in viral infections

2016

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Viral infections induce strong modifications in the cell transcriptome. Among the RNAs whose expression is altered by infection are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are transcripts with potential to function as RNA molecules. Infected cells may express viral lncRNAs, cellular lncRNAs and chimeric lncRNAs formed by viral and cellular sequences. Some viruses express viral lncRNAs whose function is essential for viral viability. They are transcribed by polymerase II or III and some of them can be processed by unique maturation steps performed by host cell machineries. Some viral lncRNAs control transcription, stability or translation of cellular and viral genes. Surprisingly, similar functions can be exerted by cellular lncRNAs induced by infection. Expression of cellular lncRNAs may be altered in response to viral replication or viral protein expression. However, many cellular lncRNAs respond to the antiviral pathways induced by infection. In fact, many lncRNAs function as positive or negative regulators of the innate antiviral response. Our current knowledge about the identity and function of lncRNAs in infected cells is very limited. However, research into this field has already helped in the identification of novel cellular pathways and may help in the development of therapeutic tools for the treatment of viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders and cancer.

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“…Their mode of action along with the host processes makes the viroids unusually complex lncRNA molecules [ 15 ]. Uniquely, viroids can multiply and accumulate in the infected plant tissue by using host RNA polymerases.…”

Section: Viroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Noncoding RNAs in Plant Viroids and Viruses: A Review

Shrestha

Bujarski

2020

Pathogens

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Infectious long-noncoding (lnc) RNAs related to plants can be of both viral and non-viral origin. Viroids are infectious plant lncRNAs that are not related to viruses and carry the circular, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that replicate with host enzymatic activities via a rolling circle mechanism. Viroids interact with host processes in complex ways, emerging as one of the most productive tools for studying the functions of lncRNAs. Defective (D) RNAs, another category of lnc RNAs, are found in a variety of plant RNA viruses, most of which are noncoding. These are derived from and are replicated by the helper virus. D RNA-virus interactions evolve into mutually beneficial combinations, enhancing virus fitness via competitive advantages of moderated symptoms. Yet the satellite RNAs are single-stranded and include either large linear protein-coding ss RNAs, small linear ss RNAs, or small circular ss RNAs (virusoids). The satellite RNAs lack sequence homology to the helper virus, but unlike viroids need a helper virus to replicate and encapsidate. They can attenuate symptoms via RNA silencing and enhancement of host defense, but some can be lethal as RNA silencing suppressor antagonists. Moreover, selected viruses produce lncRNAs by incomplete degradation of genomic RNAs. They do not replicate but may impact viral infection, gene regulation, and cellular functions. Finally, the host plant lncRNAs can also contribute during plant-virus interactions, inducing plant defense and the regulation of gene expression, often in conjunction with micro and/or circRNAs.

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Plant subviral RNAs as a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA): Analogy with animal lncRNAs in host–virus interactions

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Long non‐coding RNAs (CASC2 and TUG1) in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance

Long non‐coding RNAs (CASC2 and TUG1) in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance

Long noncoding RNAs in viral infections

Long Noncoding RNAs in Plant Viroids and Viruses: A Review

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