Plant stress physiology

In recent decades, nanoparticles have been intensively applied in agriculture. Two experiments were carried out to demonstrate the potential of nano‐iron oxide (n‐Fe2O3) as seed treatment (soaking and priming) at different concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 mg/L) for enhancing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) germination and seedling growth under non‐stressed conditions (Experiment I), and to investigate the impacts of n‐Fe2O3 seed priming treatments (0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 mg/L) on growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange, water relations and lipid peroxidation under salt stress (150 mmol NaCl solution) (Experiment II). Results indicated that seed soaking with n‐Fe2O3 at 10 mg/L was the best treatment in improving speed and per cent of germination, while seed priming with n‐Fe2O3 at 50 and 100 mg/L was the most effective treatment in improving seedling (12 days old) growth. Salt stress decreased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, relative water content, osmotic potential and growth, along with increased lipid peroxidation. Among chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, the photosynthetic performance index of PSII (PIABS) was the most salt‐responsive. Seed priming with n‐Fe2O3 at 500 mg/L increased sorghum growth (45 days old), through increased photosystem II efficiency, chlorophyll index, photosynthetic rate and relative water content with decreased lipid peroxidation. Overall, this study indicated that use of n‐Fe2O3 as a pre‐sowing seed treatment can enhance germination and seedling growth of sorghum and protect from negative impacts of salinity stress.

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“…salinity issue will remain one of the key threats to global food production in the 21st century (Shabala & Munns, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed treatment with nano‐iron (III) oxide enhances germination, seeding growth and salinity tolerance of sorghum

Maswada

Djanaguiraman

Prasad

2018

J Agronomy Crop Science

125

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“…Saline conditions impose physiological constraints on plants through, first, oxidative stress, and second, ionic stress [ 33 ]. Salt accumulating in the substrate surrounding the roots inhibits the capacity of roots to take up water (an osmotic effect).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the vacuole) inhibits regular cell function and leads to cell death from either toxicity or dehydration [ 42 ]. This internal injury inhibits new leaf growth, reduces overall plant photosynthesis and thus reduces the supply of carbohydrates to new cells [ 33 ]. Plants have evolved different ionic stress tolerance mechanisms, which can vary across species, and may depend on local environmental conditions as well as the length of salinity exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accession-specific parent-of-origin dependent and independent genome dosage effects on salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Hallahan,

Quiroz,

Brychkova

et al. 2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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Improving the salt stress tolerance of crops is an important goal in plant breeding. Changes in the number of chromosome sets (i.e. ploidy level) cause genome dosage effects which can result in enhanced or novel traits. Maternal inheritance versus paternal inheritance of the same chromosome sets can have differential epigenetic effects on traits of F1 offspring. Hence, genome dosage effects can be parent-of-origin independent or dependent. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana displays both genome dosage and parent-of-origin effects on plant growth under non-stress conditions. Using an isogenic ploidy series of diploid, triploid and tetraploid lines, we investigate the extent of genome dosage effects and their parent-of-origin dependency on in vitro salt stress tolerance of seedlings across 10 different A. thaliana accessions (genetic backgrounds). We detected genome dosage effects on salt stress tolerance for tetraploid lines in five accessions. In addition, through the generation of isogenic reciprocal F1 triploid lines, both parent-of-origin dependent and independent genome dosage effects on salt stress tolerance were detected. Thus, our results indicate not only that genome dosage balance effects can have significant impacts on abiotic stress tolerance in A. thaliana but also that parent-of-origin specific genome dosage effects can affect salt stress tolerance in plants.

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