Plant sterols for human health- A review

Jain, Tanu; Bathla, Shikha

doi:10.31018/jans.v7i2.734

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Phytosterols are a large group of compounds found exclusively in plants and are essential components of plant membranes. In addition to their primary function of controlling membrane-associated metabolic processes, phytosterols are also precursors of plant growth factors, thus playing a role in cellular differentiation and proliferation . Phytosterols are structurally related to cholesterol, from which they differ in their side chains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phytosterol and γ-Oryzanol Conjugates: Synthesis and Evaluation of their Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Anticholesterol Activities

et al. 2018

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Fifteen new multifunctional conjugates were designed and synthesized by chemically linking the steroidal framework of natural occurring γ-oryzanol and γ-oryzanol-derived phytosterols to a wide range of bioactive natural compounds (fatty acids, phenolic acids, amino acids, lipoic acid, retinoic acid, curcumin, and resveratrol). Starting from γ-oryzanol, which is the main component of rice bran oil, this study was aimed at assessing if the conjugation strategy might enhance some γ-oryzanol bioactivities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through three different mechanisms, namely, DPPH-scavenging activity, metal-chelating activity, and β-carotene-bleaching inhibition. Measurement of the in vitro cell growth inhibitory effects on three different human cancer cellular lines was also carried out, and the potential hypocholesterolemic effect was studied. Compounds 10 and 15 displayed an improved antioxidant activity, with respect to that of γ-oryzanol. Compounds 2, 6, and 12 exerted an antiproliferative activity in the low micromolar range against HeLa and DAOY cells (GI50 < 10 μM). As for the claimed hypocholesterolemic effect of γ-oryzanol, none of the synthesized compounds inhibited the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.

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Phytosterol and γ-Oryzanol Conjugates: Synthesis and Evaluation of their Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Anticholesterol Activities

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, sterols act as antioxidants, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and are used in anti‐aging preparations, 23,24 and they also play a significant role in the treatment of BPH attributed to nettle root 25 . Major dietary sources of sterols include cereals, vegetable oils, nuts and seeds; however, because they are present in relatively small amounts, sterol enriched functional foods such as milk, yogurt, orange juice and snack bars are increasingly consumed 24,26,27 . Pentacyclic triterpenoids are found mainly in aromatic herbs, fruits and vegetables, especially in their leaves, stem bark and fruit peel.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…25 Major dietary sources of sterols include cereals, vegetable oils, nuts and seeds; however, because they are present in relatively small amounts, sterol enriched functional foods such as milk, yogurt, orange juice and snack bars are increasingly consumed. 24,26,27 Pentacyclic triterpenoids are found mainly in aromatic herbs, fruits and vegetables, especially in their leaves, stem bark and fruit peel. Widespread pentacyclic triterpenoids include oleanane, ursane and lupane groups, with the main representatives being ⊍and ⊎-amyrin.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sterols and pentacyclic triterpenoids from nettle root: content and composition as affected by pressurized liquid extraction

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND: Nettle is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive molecules. The composition of nettle leaves and stems has been extensively studied, whereas the root has been insufficiently investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to optimize the parameters of advanced extraction technique, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), for the lipid fraction of nettle root rich in triterpenoid derivatives and to compare the efficiency of isolation under optimal conditions with conventional Soxhlet extraction (SE). RESULTS:The PLE yields ranged from 0.39-1.63%, whereas the total content of triterpenoid derivatives ranged from 43.50-78.26 mg 100 g −1 , with nine sterols and three pentacyclic triterpenoids identified and quantified within a total range of 42.81-76.57 mg 100 g −1 and 0.69-1.68 mg 100 g −1 dried root, respectively. The most abundant sterol and pentacyclic triterpenoid were ⊎-sitosterol and ⊎-amyrin acetate, with mean values of 50.21 mg 100 g −1 and 0.56 mg 100 g −1 dried root.CONCLUSION: The optimal PLE conditions were 150 °C/5 min/four cycles and showed significantly better performance compared to SE (68 °C, 8 h), establishing an excellent technique for the isolation of the nettle root lipid fraction. Also, triterpenoid derivatives from nettle could be used as functional ingredients for the development of new foods and dietary supplements.

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Plant Sterol Esters in Extruded Food Model Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis by Suppressing Inflammation and Stimulating Apoptosis

Sadek

Yuliana

Prangdimurti

et al. 2017

Journal of Medicinal Food

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Plant sterols in their free forms are known to inhibit colon cancer. Whether these activities persist when compounds are incorporated into processed food is not reported yet. This study aimed to test the ability of plant sterol esters (PSE) incorporated into a nonpuffed extruded food (NPE) model to inhibit colon carcinogenesis. PSE was added into NPE at four concentrations (0.0%, 0.7%, 1.4%, and 2.1%). PSE-NPE activity was tested in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced Balb/c mice. The groups given PSE-NPE did not show any colon tumor formation. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the group fed with 1.4% PSE had the lowest histoscore for cyclooxygenase-2 expression and the highest histoscore for cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9expressions. The results of this study indicated that even after incorporation into a food system, which is processed using high pressure and temperature, PSE retained its chemopreventive activity. The proposed mechanisms are by suppressing inflammation and inducing apoptosis.

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Plant sterols for human health- A review

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

Phytosterol and γ-Oryzanol Conjugates: Synthesis and Evaluation of their Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Anticholesterol Activities

Phytosterol and γ-Oryzanol Conjugates: Synthesis and Evaluation of their Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Anticholesterol Activities

Sterols and pentacyclic triterpenoids from nettle root: content and composition as affected by pressurized liquid extraction

Plant Sterol Esters in Extruded Food Model Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis by Suppressing Inflammation and Stimulating Apoptosis

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